An improved classification of stationary phases for ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography

West, Caroline; Lemasson, Elise; Bertin, Sophie; Hennig, Philippe; Lesellier, Éric

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.052

Cited by 122 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The fast elution of basic compounds was observed in C4 column due to the unavailable polar functional groups to participate in H-bonding (i.e., the only polar contribution stems from silanol groups) which means weak interaction of drugs with this column [29]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have been carried out to classify and to test different columns generally in chromatography [3–6, 11, 18, 23–28], and specifically in SFC such as those by Lesellier et al, who were pioneers in SFC [3–6, 11, 23–26, 29]. In [4, 5], they compared varied alkyl-bonded Silica stationary phases to investigate the effect of the length of the alkyl chain (from C4 to C18), embedded groups and fluoroalkyl bonding on the separation of PAHs (polyaromatic hydrocarbons), and benzene and naphthalene derivatives at constant temperature, pressure, and mobile phase composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another work, they tested the behavior of 26 aromatic stationary phases based on phenyl and pentafluorophenyl ligands using essential oils of grapefruit and lemon (i.e., acidic and neutral compounds) where temperature was set at 25°C and the outlet pressure was maintained at 150 bar for all columns with methanol as organic modifier [23]. In a recent study, West et al tested different sub-2 μ m columns for the separation of ionizable and nonionizable compounds at a constant temperature and pressure with methanol [29]. Grand-Guillaume Perrenoud et al evaluated the use of columns packed with sub-2 μ m particles in SFC and UHPSFC conditions and provided systematic comparisons of the performance for pharmaceutical compounds such as steroids, benzodiazepines and their derivatives, butylparaben, mefenamic acid, diclofenac, acetaminophen, chlorthalidone, indapamide, papaverine, and noscapine at constant temperature and pressure using methanol as organic modifier [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature, column classification in SFC has been carried out by chemometric analysis based on linear solvation energy relationships (LSER) [3, 5, 11, 25, 29]. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering (HC) were employed widely in liquid and/or gas chromatography to identify patterns and relationships between the columns since these methods can handle samples of large sizes and complexities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supercritical Fluid Chromatography of Drugs: Parallel Factor Analysis for Column Testing in a Wide Range of Operational Conditions

Bakain

Al‐Degs

Andri

et al. 2017

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

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Retention mechanisms involved in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) are influenced by interdependent parameters (temperature, pressure, chemistry of the mobile phase, and nature of the stationary phase), a complexity which makes the selection of a proper stationary phase for a given separation a challenging step. For the first time in SFC studies, Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) was employed to evaluate the chromatographic behavior of eight different stationary phases in a wide range of chromatographic conditions (temperature, pressure, and gradient elution composition). Design of Experiment was used to optimize experiments involving 14 pharmaceutical compounds present in biological and/or environmental samples and with dissimilar physicochemical properties. The results showed the superiority of PARAFAC for the analysis of the three-way (column × drug × condition) data array over unfolding the multiway array to matrices and performing several classical principal component analyses. Thanks to the PARAFAC components, similarity in columns' function, chromatographic trend of drugs, and correlation between separation conditions could be simply depicted: columns were grouped according to their H-bonding forces, while gradient composition was dominating for condition classification. Also, the number of drugs could be efficiently reduced for columns classification as some of them exhibited a similar behavior, as shown by hierarchical clustering based on PARAFAC components.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography of Drugs: Parallel Factor Analysis for Column Testing in a Wide Range of Operational Conditions

Bakain

Al‐Degs

Andri

et al. 2017

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

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“…9,25 In fact, SFC columns with 2.5 μm silica particles containing tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) of cellulose or amylose as chiral selectors (CSs) used in this study are recent products fully compatible with commercial UPC 2 (ultra-performance convergence chromatography) systems. Organic modifiers, e.g., some alcohols, and basic or acidic additives added to the main MP component CO 2 are used to modulate the separation ability of the SFC system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantioselective potential of polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography

2017

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The enantioselective potential of two polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases for analysis of chiral structurally diverse biologically active compounds was evaluated in supercritical fluid chromatography using a set of 52 analytes. The chiral selectors immobilized on 2.5 μm silica particles were tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarmabate) derivatives of cellulose or amylose. The influence of the polysaccharide backbone, different organic modifiers, and different mobile phase additives on retention and enantioseparation was monitored. Conditions for fast baseline enantioseparation were found for the majority of the compounds. The success rate of baseline and partial enantioseparation with cellulose-based chiral stationary phase was 51.9% and 15.4%, respectively. Using amylose-based chiral stationary phase we obtained 76.9% of baseline enantioseparations and 9.6% of partial enantioseparations of the tested compounds. The best results on cellulose-based chiral stationary phase were achieved particularly with propane-2-ol and a mixture of isopropylamine and trifluoroacetic acid as organic modifier and additive to CO , respectively. Methanol and basic additive isopropylamine were preferred on amylose-based chiral stationary phase. The complementary enantioselectivity of the cellulose- and amylose-based chiral stationary phases allows separation of the majority of the tested structurally different compounds. Separation systems were found to be directly applicable for analyses of biologically active compounds of interest.

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Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Yuan¹,

Olesik²,

West³

2019

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) employs fluids that are raised above their critical pressure ( P c ) and critical temperature ( T c ) as mobile phases. Carbon dioxide is the fluid most commonly used as a mobile phase for SFC. It is capable of solvating nonpolar and moderately polar analytes. Cosolvents and additives are combined to CO 2 to increase the polarity range of analytes. SFC has a wide versatility in terms of retention mechanisms as all stationary phases employed in normal‐phase or reversed‐phase chromatography can be used. The advantages of SFC over liquid chromatography (LC) include higher efficiency separations and faster speed of analysis and method development. The advantage of SFC over gas chromatography (GC) is that SFC can efficiently separate thermally labile and nonvolatile compounds without the need for derivatization. Capillary SFC is commonly used to separate petroleum distillates and by‐products. The most employed packed‐column SFC is mostly used to analyze achiral and chiral pharmaceuticals, natural products, food products, agrochemicals, and other contaminants in food products or in the environment, and more recently for the analysis of biological samples (lipidomics, metabolomics, and pharmacokinetic studies for instance). Preparative packed column supercritical fluid chromatography (pSFC) is principally employed not only for the purification of pharmaceuticals but also for natural products.

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An improved classification of stationary phases for ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography

Cited by 122 publications

References 31 publications

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography of Drugs: Parallel Factor Analysis for Column Testing in a Wide Range of Operational Conditions

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography of Drugs: Parallel Factor Analysis for Column Testing in a Wide Range of Operational Conditions

Enantioselective potential of polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

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