“…Furthermore, some scholars have divided the rebound effect of energy consumption into the substitution effect and the income or output effect based on principles of neoclassical microeconomics (Li & Lin, 2017;Schettkat, 2011;Sorrell & Dimitropoulos, 2007). From the perspective of empirical research, an increasing number of scholars have carried out empirical calculations of the rebound effect of total energy consumption in different countries and industries, especially over the past decade (Berkhout, Muskens, & Velthuijsen, 2000;Lin & Xie, 2015;Liu, Du, & Li, 2019;Liu & Lin, 2016;Saunders, 2008Saunders, , 2013Semboja, 1994;Small & Van Dender, 2007;Sorrell & Dimitropoulos, 2007). Although some scholars studied the rebound effect of fossil energy consumption (Hong, Liang, & Di, 2013), few studies paid attention to the rebound effect of nonfossil energy consumption and made further comparisons of fossil and nonfossil energies.…”