An improved apparatus for acute inhalation exposure of rodents to radioactive aerosols

Sequence of bronchoalveolar lavage and histopathologic findings in rat lungs early in inhalation asbestos exposure

“…The rats were exposed in a modified nose-only exposure system after the design of Raabe et al (1973) (Sandia Research and Development Corporation, Albuquerque, N. Mex.).…”

Effects of Repeated Exposure to Nitric Acid Vapor and Ozone on Respiratory Tract Clearance in the Rat

“…Aerosols were generated from an aqueous suspension of the particles using a Lovelace-type compressed air nebulizer (Raabe, 1972) (In-Tox Products, Albuquerque, NM). The aerosolized particles were dried by heating and dilution with filtered air and electrically discharged using an 85Kr discharger before entering the nose-only exposure chamber (Raabe et al, 1973). The labeled aerosol, sampled from the breathing zone of the rats using a calibrated Mercer-type seven-stage cascade impactor (Mercer et al, 1970) (In-Tox Products, Albuquerque, NM), had an activity median aerodynamic diameter of 1.8 pm and a geometric standard deviation (GSD) of less than 1.3.…”

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on respiratory tract clearance in the ferret

“…Clearance was measured by monitoring the disappearance of inhaled radiolabeled particles from the head and thoracic regions as previously described (Mannix et al, 1991). In brief, 51 Cr-labeled polystyrene latex microspheres were prepared (Hinrichs et al, 1978) and the ferrets were allowed to inhale an aerosol of the particles for a period of 30 min using a previously described nose-only exposure apparatus (Raabe et al, 1973). The microspheres had an activity median aerodynamic diameter of 1.7 /im with a geometric standard deviation of 1.2 yum, as determined by a Mercer-type impactor (In-Tox Products, Albuquerque, N.…”