An Improved Advanced Driver-Assistance System: Model-Free Prescribed Performance Adaptive Cruise Control

Abstract

To maintain a safe distance between the autonomous vehicle and the leader, ensure that the vehicle runs at its expected speed as far as possible, and achieve various control requirements such as speed, distance and collision avoidance, a model-free prescribed performance adaptive cruise control (ACC) algorithm based on funnel control is proposed. The contributions of this paper are that the designed ACC algorithm only requires the speed and position information and can constrain their tracking errors within a predetermined range. When the follower is far away from the leader, the speed-prescribed performance controller adjusts the follower vehicle’s speed to the reference velocity. When the follower vehicle approaches the leader vehicle, a distance-prescribed performance controller is designed to adjust the distance between the follower and the leader. On this basis, the prescribed performance function can expand the switching interval, thereby improving the robustness of the speed and distance control switching process. The effectiveness of the designed algorithm is demonstrated in three scenarios, such as approaching and following, emergency braking, and frequent starting and stopping. The results show that during the speed control stage, the designed algorithm allows the vehicle’s operating speed to vary within a predetermined spatial range; in the distance control stage, the designed algorithm strictly limits the distance error within the preset range. The speed and distance of the vehicle change smoothly, and there is no overshoot during the initial state adjustment, emergency braking, and frequent start and stop stages, demonstrating a good control effect.

Steady-Speed Traffic Capacity Analysis for Autonomous and Human-Driven Vehicles

“…It is well-known that human drivers, with their inherently variable reaction times and subjective judgment, often manage following distances based on personal experience, perception, and real-time assessments. In contrast, ACC systems, a cornerstone of automated driving technology, meticulously calculate and maintain consistent following distances through the sensor technology provided by sophisticated algorithms [14]. Therefore, understanding the tiny details of these distinctions is essential as it unravels the potential of enhancing road safety, traffic flow, and overall transport efficiency.…”