An Important Tool With No Instruction Manual

Zoca, Samuel Menegatti; Penn, Chad J.

doi:10.1016/bs.agron.2017.03.001

Cited by 102 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…In an extensive review of gypsum use in agriculture, Zoca and Penn (2017) reported that there is still not a single method for determining suitable gypsum rates for different soil environments and crop systems, thus corroborating our findings. However, recently Caires and Guimarães (2018) proposed a novel PG rate recommendation based on increasing Ca 2+ saturation to 60% in the ECEC at the 0.2 to 0.4 m soil layer.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Gypsum application, soil fertility and cotton root growth

et al. 2019

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Since there is no consensus on phosphogypsum (PG) rates to be used in agriculture, a better understanding of its effects on the soil solution is needed. Cotton root growth was evaluated as related to Al and Ca activity in soil solution affected by PG. The experiment was carried out in rhizotrons filled with 30•dm -3 of soil. PG rates were estimated by multiplying the soil clay content by 0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 12.0, and it was mixed to the sub-soil.In the upper soil layer, limestone was applied. After 90 days, samples were taken for analysis, and cotton was planted. After 27 days, plants were harvested. PG increased soil pH and decreased Al content and activity. Without PG, dissolved organic carbon concentration was high in the soil solution, which explains the predominance of carbon Al-complexed with PG application. From 1,680 kg•ha -1 of PG (corresponding to 6 × clay content), sulphur and calcium had the highest concentrations, increasing the SO 4 Al-complexed. Cotton root length decreased in the upper layer and increased in the subsoil up to 2,324 kg•ha -1 (corresponding to 8.3 × clay content) of PG. Cotton root growth is better related with soil properties than with soil solution attributes, and the present recommendations for PG use based on soil clay content underestimate the rate to be applied.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Gypsum application, soil fertility and cotton root growth

et al. 2019

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“…High exchangeable Al 3+ contents in soil are known to damage plant root systems by thickening roots, reducing branching, and hindering production of root hairs, which are essential for plants to absorb nutrients and water by virtue of their high specific surface area (Delhaiza & Ryan, 1995). One of the phenomena triggering the adverse effects is the binding of exchangeable Al 3+ to various compounds present in root cells to block Ca 2+ channels and binding sites for transport proteins, thereby hindering absorption of exchangeable Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ , respectively (Zoca & Penn, 2017). Thus, some researchers have found the toxicity of exchangeable Al 3+ ions to adversely affect plant root systems Dalla Nora & Amado, 2013;Dalla Nora et al, 2017b;Michalovicz et al, 2014).…”

Section: Response Of Grain Crops To Gypsummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gypsum from both sources contains on average 20% Ca, 15-18% S, and 0.5-0.8% P (Caires, Maschietto, Garbuio, Churka, & Joris, 2011b). This material is globally used in agriculture as a source of Ca and S, as a conditioner of soil physical attributes, and as a mitigator of soil salinity (Zoca & Penn, 2017). The ability of gypsum to alleviate the adverse effects of high Al saturation in the subsoil on plant growth was first observed in the late 1970s in Brazilian soils (Ritchey, Souza, Lobato, & Correa, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, its solubility (2.5 g L −1 ) is roughly 150 times higher than that of limestone Marchesan et al, 2017). As a result, gypsum considerably increases the mobility of basic cations such as exchangeable Ca 2+ , Mg 2 , and K + associated with SO 4 2− ions in the subsoil mainly, thereby reducing the activity and toxicity of exchangeable Al 3+ and improving water and nutrient uptake by plants Dalla Nora et al, 2017a;Pauletti, Pierri, Ranzan, Barth, & Motta, 2014;Zoca & Penn, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does gypsum increase crop grain yield on no‐tilled acid soils? A meta‐analysis

et al. 2020

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Improving the chemical conditions for plant growth in the subsoil is especially difficult in no-till (NT) soil because of the low solubility of limestone. In this situation, gypsum may be recommended due to its ability to mobilize exchangeable Ca 2+ and other basic cations associated with SO 4 2− anions mainly in the soil profile, thereby alleviating Al toxicity. However, the response of crops to gypsum is contradictory and ranges from a substantial increase to a slight decrease in grain yield. In this work, a meta-analysis comprising 129 harvests of six different grain crops (930 observation pairs in all) was conducted to identify the conditions under which grain yield responds to gypsum and to establish criteria for optimal management of gypsum as an amendment for NT soils. Based on the results, cereals (maize [Zea mays L.], wheat [Triticum aestivum L.], white oat [Avena sativa L.], barley [Hordeum vulgare L.], and rice [Oryza sativa L.]) have a high probability (77-97%) of their grain yield being increased by gypsum application to soils, with Al saturation exceeding 5% in the 0.20to 0.40-m layer. The average increase in grain yield was 14 and 7% in crops growing in the presence and absence of water deficiency, respectively. A positive response of soybean [Glycine max (L.)Merr.] to gypsum was observed in water-deficient soils with Al saturation exceeding 10%. Under these conditions, the probability of a positive response of soybean was 88%, and the average yield increase was 12%. Therefore, gypsum application decreases Al toxicity to plants and increases crop grain yields as a result in NT soils with high Al saturation.

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“…Its effect is known to carry basic cations in subsurface, reduce aluminum saturation (Ritchey, Sousa, Lobato, & Correa, 1980) and aluminum toxicity (Sumner, 1995). However, these potential changes do not necessarily translate into increases in crop yields (Zoca & Penn, 2017). Improvement in crop yield may be the result of an additive or synergistic effect of each of these potential changes, and they vary with crop, soil type and rainfall regime (Zoca & Penn, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates of Agricultural Gypsum in Soil Under No-tillage System With Surface Lime in the Southern of Brazil

Conte¹,

Amaral²,

Macedo³

et al. 2018

JAS

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At the no-tillage system, the surface liming is a good environmental practice, which aims to maintain the physical structure and stocks of carbon in the soil. However, the acidity amelioration is restricted to the surface layer and the use of the gypsum can be an alternative to improve the chemical conditions in subsurface without the soil revolving. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of different rates of gypsum, estimated by different methods, in acid soils with application of superficial limestone since the beginning of the implementation of the no-tillage system. The experiment was conduct at a commercial cropping field located at the municipally of Muitos Capões, RS, Southern Brazil in a Red Oxisol. The experiment was conducted in randomized completely blocks design (RCBD), with six treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of the superficial application of gypsum in the rates: 0, 3100, 6014, 7875, 9750 and 12400 kg ha-1. At this area, soybean and corn were cultivated and have their productivity evaluated. After 4 and 16 months of the experiment, Ca, Mg and K levels were evaluated at different depths (0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm). The results showed an increase in Ca contents to the depth of 10 cm at 4 months after application and at all depths evaluated at 16 months after their application. The application of gypsum decreases the Mg contents to the depth of 20 cm and of potassium at all the depths after 16 months of their application. The effects on soil chemical properties with increasing rate of applied gypsum resulted in higher maize grain yield. So, agricultural gypsum applied in the soil with surface liming is efficient in improving soil chemical conditions in deeper layers in a no-tillage system.

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An Important Tool With No Instruction Manual

Cited by 102 publications

References 86 publications

Gypsum application, soil fertility and cotton root growth

Gypsum application, soil fertility and cotton root growth

Does gypsum increase crop grain yield on no‐tilled acid soils? A meta‐analysis

Rates of Agricultural Gypsum in Soil Under No-tillage System With Surface Lime in the Southern of Brazil

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