An important phenomenon in Fe2O3-TiO2 photocatalyst: Ion-inter-doping

Treatment of MB wastewater with a Fe–RGO/TiO2/PTFE photocatalytic composite membrane

“…3 Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is commonly used as a photocatalyst in wastewater treatment owing to its chemical stability, affordability, non-toxic nature, and absence of secondary pollution. 4,5 However, TiO 2 has inherent drawbacks, including a narrow photoresponse wavelength range, a wide forbidden bandwidth, and rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, limiting its application under sunlight irradiation. To enhance its photocatalytic efficiency under sunlight, various modification methods for TiO 2 photocatalysts have been explored, including metal ion doping, noble metal deposition, non-metal ion doping, organic dye sensitization, semiconductor compounding, and compounding with graphene.…”