An imperceptible &amp; robust digital image watermarking scheme based on DWT, entropy and neural network

Islam, Monamy; Ullah, Muhammad Ahsan; Dhar, Jitu Prakash

doi:10.33640/2405-609x.1068

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) measurement to calculate the quality difference between the original images and the stego images, higher PSNR value means less distortion. If PSNR is more than 40 dB Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci ISSN: 2502-4752  Payload and quality augmentation using steganographic optimization technique… (Mafaz Alanezi) 535 (decibels), then it is very good, if PSNR between 30 dB to 40 dB, then it is acceptable, and if it less than 30 dB then it is not acceptable because the distortion would be high [23], [24]. PSNR defined as in (2) [25]:…”

Section: Experimentation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Payload and quality augmentation using steganographic optimization technique based on edge detection

Alanezi

Altaay²,

Mallaaloo³

2021

IJEECS

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Information security is one of the most significant processes that must be taken into account when confidentially transferring information. This paper introduces a steganography technique using the edge detection method. It focused on three basic and important aspects’ payload, quality and security. Well-known edge detectors were used to generate as many edge pixels as possible to hide data and achieve the highest payload. The least significant bit (LSB) algorithm has been improved by extending the bits used to embed between 2-4 bits in smooth and sharp areas. To increase security, the transaction between the two parties is based on dividing the key and the cover image into several parts and agreeing on the type of edge detection.The experiments achieved the maximum load, for instance with a fuzzy edge detector, at first, embedding in 4 bitplanes if edge pixel and in 2 bitplanes if non-edge pixel, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) increased from 43.580to 45.790. At second, embedding in 2 bitplanes if edge pixel, and in 4 bitplanes if non-edge pixel, the PSNR decreased between 38.433-41.593. The suggested scheme achieved a high pay load to embed in the cover image and according to human perception, it preserved the nature of the original image.

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Section: Experimentation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Payload and quality augmentation using steganographic optimization technique based on edge detection

Alanezi

Altaay²,

Mallaaloo³

2021

IJEECS

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“…This research uses a Haar Cascade method [20]- [23] for detecting eye location in the face image. The Haar Cascade method uses" Haar-like features" to find an object [24].…”

Section: A Eye Location Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selecting Control Menu on Electric Wheelchair Using Eyeball Movement for Difable Person

Utaminingrum

Somawirata

Pengestu

et al. 2023

JOIV : Int. J. Inform. Visualization

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Each country's number of people with disabilities and strokes increases yearly. Hand defects and stroke make them have limitations in doing activities. It caused their hand has paralyzed. Hence, they find it difficult to do daily activities, such as running a wheelchair, choosing a menu on the screen display, and so on. One solution offered is utilizing eye movement as a navigation tool that can replace the role of the user's hand, so they can run a wheelchair independently or choose a menu selection on display by themselves through the movement of their eyes. Detection of eyeball movements in this study only utilizes a camera as a sensor mounted in front of the user. So that it is more practical and easier to use than if we have to pair an electrooculography sensor in the area around the user's eyes. This research proposed a new approach to detect the five gazes (upward, downward, leftward, rightward, and forward) of the eyeball movements by using Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Dynamic Line Sector Coordinate (DLSC). Line Sector Coordinate is used to detect the eyeball movement based on the pupil coordinate position. The eyeball movement direction was analyzed from four lengths of a line. Our proposed method can detect five gaze directions that can be used for selecting four menus on the display monitor. The mean accuracy of our proposed method to detect eye movements for each gaze is 88.6%.

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“…In the transform domain, the 3D model is converted to transform domains, as performed by the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). The watermark is embedded by changing the coefficients of the 3D mesh transform model [7][8][9]. Many different types of 3D file formats are found.…”

Section: Laftahmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watermarking of a 3D Model based on Wavelet Transform

Laftah

2021

eijs

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In the last decade, 3D models gained interest in many applications, such as games, the medical field, and manufacture. It is necessary to protect these models from unauthorized copying, distribution, and editing. Digital watermarking is the best way to solve this problem. This paper introduces a robust watermarking method by embedding the watermark in the low-frequency domain, then selecting the coarsest level for embedding the watermark based on the strength factor. The invisibility of the watermark for the proposed algorithm is tested by using different measurements, such as HD and PSNR. The robustness was tested by using different types of attacks; the correlation coefficient was applied for the evaluation of the extracted watermark. From the results, it is clear that the proposed algorithm achieved good invisibility and robustness against the geometrical attack and the added noise.

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An imperceptible & robust digital image watermarking scheme based on DWT, entropy and neural network

Abstract: An imperceptible & robust digital image watermarking scheme based on DWT, An imperceptible & robust digital image watermarking scheme based on DWT, entropy and neural network entropy and neural network

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Payload and quality augmentation using steganographic optimization technique based on edge detection

Payload and quality augmentation using steganographic optimization technique based on edge detection

Selecting Control Menu on Electric Wheelchair Using Eyeball Movement for Difable Person

Watermarking of a 3D Model based on Wavelet Transform

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