“…Recently, we reported that nursing students retained 71.0% of their first-year anatomical knowledge in their second year (Narnaware & Neumeier, 2019, 2020b and 51.6% in third-year studies (Narnaware & Neumeier, 2021c). We have initiated many interventional strategies to improve students' long-term retention of anatomical and physiological knowledge, including the use of modern teaching technology (Narnaware & Neumeier, 2021a), content reinforcement (Narnaware & Chahal, 2019), and online and in-class activities (Narnaware et al, 2019). Despite human anatomy being considered a 'visual science' and an imagereliant subject, the impact of images on anatomy exam scores in nursing students has not yet been assessed.…”