An immunohistochemical comparison of endometrial polyps from postmenopausal women exposed and not exposed to HRT

McGurgan, Paul; Taylor, L.J.; Duffy, Srg; O'Donovan, PJ

doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2005.08.001

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Studies using immunohistochemical techniques have identified high estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression levels in endometrial polyp tissue compared with the adjacent endometrium (11,12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression of hormone receptors, Bcl-2, Cox-2 and Ki67 in benign endometrial polyps and their association with obesity

Pinheiro

Antunes

Andrade

et al. 2014

Molecular Medicine Reports

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The present study examined the immunoexpression of the estrogen receptor (ER), the progesterone receptor (PR), B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2), cyclooxygenase‑2 (Cox‑2) and Ki67 in endometrial polyps and their association with obesity. In total, 515 premenopausal and postmenopausal females undergoing hysteroscopy with histological diagnosis of benign polyps were included. The immunohistochemical expression of the ER, PR, Bcl‑2, Cox‑2 and Ki67 was compared between obese and non‑obese females. The median final score demonstrated a higher PR expression in the stromal and glandular compartments of postmenopausal obese females as compared with no‑obese females. However, in this group, there was no difference in regard to the ER. No difference in hormone receptor expression was identified among premenopausal females. In postmenopausal females, the immunoexpression of Cox‑2 and Bcl‑2 in the glandular epithelium was higher in obese than in non‑obese females. Among premenopausal females, obese females demonstrated a higher Bcl‑2 expression in the glandular epithelium than non‑obese females. There were no differences in Ki67 expression between obese and non‑obese females. Polyps from obese females had a higher PR expression in the glandular and stromal compartments. The expression of Cox‑2 and Bcl‑2 was higher in the glandular compartment. These data suggested that the etiology and pathogenesis of polyps in obese females appear to be associated with the PR, the inhibition of apoptosis and cellular mechanisms linked with inflammation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the effect of hormonal factors, endometrial polyps appear to have two integrated components: Proliferation and apoptosis. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) is considered an inhibitor of apoptosis and is important in the increased expression and consequential loss of apoptotic activity (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of hormone receptors, Bcl-2, Cox-2 and Ki67 in benign endometrial polyps and their association with obesity

Pinheiro

Antunes

Andrade

et al. 2014

Molecular Medicine Reports

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“…Treatments of symptomatic menopausal women with 1.25 or 2.5 mg/d in a total of 3240 women for up to 2 years did not induce endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma. 28 However, a recent study 29 reported that women exposed to tibolone for at least 3 years have a RR of endometrial cancer of 2.03 compared with untreated women. The risk was 3-fold higher in women with normal weight, but was unchanged in obese women.…”

Section: Estrogens+ Progestagensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Ovarian and Uterine Cancers With Postmenopausal Hormonal Treatments

Neves‐e‐Castro

2008

Clinical Obstetrics &Amp; Gynecology

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During hormone treatments for the relief of the symptoms of postmenopausal women a number of side effects may occur. Some may be due to the wrong choice of the steroids used for treatment or to the route of administration. However, the more important ones deserving much attention are the rare occurrences of malignancies of the uterus and ovaries. The risk for ovarian cancer, if it exists, is minimal and clinically irrelevant. Estrogen only treatments are used only in hysterectomized women. Continuous combined estrogen-progestin treatments have a very low risk of association with endometrial cancers compared with sequential regimens. Tibolone may be associated with a very small risk for endometrial cancers and thus must be properly monitored by transvaginal ultrasound. Breast cancer patients being treated with tamoxifen require careful attention to the endometrium to exclude a carcinoma. For the protection of the endometrium, a progestin-releasing intrauterine devise is an attractive choice. Raloxifene used for a long time to prevent osteoporosis is safe for the endometrium. None of the above-mentioned side effects is enough to prevent a physician from using hormone treatment in postmenopausal women if there are no past or current contraindications.

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“…Uterine fibroids and endometriosis are the most common complications of EPs, suggesting that EPs are associated with estrogen [4]. Hormone replacement therapy in post-menopausal patients is also linked to the development of EPs [5,6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The expression levels of stem cell markers importin13, c-kit, CD146, and telomerase are decreased in endometrial polyps

Yuan

2011

Med Sci Monit

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SummaryBackgroundTo investigate the expression levels of importin13 (IPO13), c-kit, CD146, telomerase, caspase-3, bcl-2 and bax in endometrial polyps (EPs).Material/MethodsWe detected the mRNA expression levels of IPO13, c-kit, bcl-2 and bax in endometrial polyps (EPs) using real-time PCR. We detected the protein expression levels of IPO13, telomerase, CD146, caspase-3, bcl-2 and bax in EPs using S-P (Streptavidin-Peroxidase) immunohistochemistry. Western blotting was performed to determine the levels of importin13 and bcl-2 proteins in EPs.ResultsThe expression levels of IPO13, c-kit, telomerase, caspase3, and bax were lower in the EP tissue compared to normal endometrial tissue during the proliferation and secretion phases of the menstrual cycle (p<0.05). The expression of CD146 was decreased in the EP tissue compared to the normal endometrial tissue during the proliferation phase of the menstrual cycle (p<0.05). The expression of bcl-2 was increased in the EP tissue compared to the normal endometrial tissue during the proliferation and secretion phases of the menstrual cycle (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe expression levels of IPO13, c-kit, telomerase, caspase3, and bax were decreased; however, the expression of bcl-2 was increased in the EP tissue compared to the normal endometrial tissue. These findings suggest that the development of EPs is associated with the deregulated activities of the endometrial stem/progenitor cells and the decreased apoptosis of endometrial cells, with the latter being the major factor involved in the development of EPs.

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An immunohistochemical comparison of endometrial polyps from postmenopausal women exposed and not exposed to HRT

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Expression of hormone receptors, Bcl-2, Cox-2 and Ki67 in benign endometrial polyps and their association with obesity

Expression of hormone receptors, Bcl-2, Cox-2 and Ki67 in benign endometrial polyps and their association with obesity

Association of Ovarian and Uterine Cancers With Postmenopausal Hormonal Treatments

The expression levels of stem cell markers importin13, c-kit, CD146, and telomerase are decreased in endometrial polyps

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