An Icing Of Aircraft – Reasons, Consequences, Counteraction

Abstract

The article presents reasons of an helicopter's ising as well as an aircraft's ising. The maion attention is addressed a conteraction of an ising. Autors

Application of Electric Capacity Measurements to Detecting Delamination in Blades of Helicopter’s Lifting and Auxiliary Rotors

“…It results in lowering safety during flight operations over such areas. Operations over or close to seas and oceans require from the designers and pilots to take into account first of all the following atmospheric conditions [5,9,13,14,20]: -significantly higher humidity of air over sea than that over land, -lower temperature of air over sea than that over land, -higher wind speed over sea than that over land (there is no natural terrain obstacles), -air salinity. This is especially important issue for Polish Air Force which is responsible for carrying out search and rescue (S&R) actions over Baltic Sea area.…”

“…sudden drop of lifting force, may be disastrous for both rescued and rescuing persons [8,10,22]. To prevent it, sea rescue helicopters operating within SAR system in Poland are equipped with blades having heating resistance elements fed from on-board electric power network [3][4][5][6][15][16]. This way of preventing ice formation was implemented by Russian helicopter producers practically from the very beginning of their manufacturing in this country -whereas in Western constructions only increased flexibility of blades (the natural, mechanical breaking of ice layer, which is effective at low and medium gradients of thickness growing) and organizational restrictions of flights in icing zone, were preferred.…”

“…Unfortunately, information on their common practical application is still lacking. However, reports on installation of electrically heated blades (and on including such systems into helicopter's electric power network) "at special request" by Western producers, have been published [5][6][7]), that is an additional indirect evidence of effectiveness of the blade deicing system in question.…”

“…9 blades of Mi -8 / 14 / 17 helicopter and 12 blades of W -3 ("Sokół") helicopter [5][6]. A controlled delamination was also introduced to form an air gap (insulation layer) between the blade heating section and spar of Mi -8 / 14 / 17 helicopter.…”

Evaluation of turbine microjet engine operating parameters in conditions conducive to inlet freezing

“…It narrows the cross section of the engine intake duct, which translates into a decrease in the mass of the flowing medium, and consequently results in reduced engine thrust [4,5]. Icing of individual components of the turbine engine compressor can cause undesired blade vibration and deterioration of the fluid flow conditions in the interstitial space.…”