An<i>in vitro</i>Model of a System of Electrical Potential Compensation in Extracorporeal Circulation

Carletti, Umberto; Cattini, Stefano; Lodi, Renzo; Petralia, Antonio; Rovati, Luigi; Zaffe, Davide

doi:10.5301/ijao.5000286

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…It has been suggested that triboelectric effects of the red blood cell membrane, generated through friction in the circulation, can attract bacteria. 64 In studies of the blood microbiome, it has recently been shown that red blood cells contain more potentially pathogenic bacteria than other fractions of the whole human blood. [65][66][67] We established protocols 67 using improved methods for dealing with a) low copies of unknown bacterial DNA, and b) extraction of DNA from difficult sources such as soil and human blood, where acids as well as minerals such as iron create a challenge for more conventional DNA extraction methods.…”

Section: Example 1 -Fibromyalgiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The blood as a diagnostic tool in chronic illness with obscure microbial involvement: A critical review

Jensen¹,

Benson²

2019

IJCAM

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Over many decades, practitioners of alternative and complementary medicine have used the study of the living human blood to guide nonmainstream treatment strategies. Schools of thinking developed over time, teaching practitioners an alternative vocabulary to what was being observed by microscopy observations of their patients' blood. This was at times where mainstream medicine considered the blood a sterile environment, and alternative claims of seeing bacterial and fungal forms were disregarded as ignorant and unscientific.Today, scientists have definitively proven that human blood contains a wide array of microbial forms, to the point where the term "blood microbiome" is widely used. The most recent developments are happening at a fast pace, so fast that we are struggling with how to integrate the information in terms of practical use in diagnostics and treatment.Today, we recognize the plasticity of the microbial world of lifeforms. We can look back and appreciate the confusion of early microscopists from a century ago, who did not have our current tools at hand, did not know the nature of genetic material (DNA), and did not have the specific chemical and immunological recognition tools we use today to distinguish pleomorphic microbial forms from normal or stress-related breakdown products of human cells. The classical textbook examples of bacterial rods, coccoid, and spirochete morphological forms is recognized as outdated, as bacterial forms shed cell walls to be able to exchange DNA and to escape immune recognition. Partial and full loss of bacterial cell walls, in combination with the sturdy syncytium colonies recognized as biofilm, in which multiple microbial species may co-exist, has left us with new challenges in terms of detection, diagnosis, and treatment of pathogenic microbial forms. Early researchers studying the human bloodThe review of historical data in context of today's scientific knowledge base presents a challenge. Older data were almost entirely focused on microscope observations, such as the morphology of

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Section: Example 1 -Fibromyalgiamentioning

confidence: 99%