An in vitro model for osteoarthritis using long‐cultured inflammatory human macrophages repeatedly stimulated with TLR agonists
Aldo Ummarino,
Alba Pensado‐López,
Roberta Migliore
et al.
Abstract:Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by an abundance of inflammatory M1‐like macrophages damaging local tissues. The search for new potential drugs for OA suffers from the lack of appropriate methods of long‐lasting inflammation. Here we developed and characterized an in vitro protocol of long‐lasting culture of primary human monocyte‐derived macrophages differentiated with a combination of M‐CSF+GM‐CSF that optimally supported long‐cultured macrophages (LC‐Mϕs) for up to 15 days, unlike their single use. Macr… Show more
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