An HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of urinary neopterin and kynurenine.

Marfella, Antonio; Polese, Claudio; d’Alessio, Patrizia; Beneduce, Gerardo; Rossi, Francesco Mattia; Perna, Mario

doi:10.1016/1043-6618(92)90651-q

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The role of IDO2 in immune function is still being determined [ 4 ]. Kynurenine and its further breakdown products carry out important biological functions, including regulation of the immune response [ 5 , 6 ], involvement in oxidative stress [ 7 ], and dilating blood vessels during inflammation [ 8 ]. Some cancers increase KYN production, which promotes tumor growth [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Kynurenine Indicates a Fatal Course of COVID-19

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: An inefficient immune response accompanied by an overwhelming inflammatory reaction is involved in severe courses of COVID-19. Kynurenine (KYN) has important immune-modulatory functions and may contribute to a failure in controlling SARS-CoV-2. The present study aims to explore biomarkers that hint at a fatal outcome of COVID-19 early on. (2) Methods: We established a cohort of 148 hospitalized COVID-19 patients for this study. Thirty-one patients died due to a severe COVID-19 course, and 117 recovered within 90 days. We built a biobank by collecting left-over material from these patients whenever blood arrived at the central laboratory of our University hospital for analysis of routine markers. The scientific laboratory analysis comprised KYN, Tryptophan (TRP), KYN/TRP ratio, ferritin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, N-terminal pro-natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), troponin T (TnT), fibrinogen, D-Dimer, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), antithrombin (AT), protein C, protein S, factor XIII, lupus aPTT, angiotensin-2, vitamin D metabolites, and telomeres in all COVID-19 patients. Basic clinical characteristics and anteceding diseases including cardiovascular, oncologic, renal, hypertension, pulmonary, metabolic (diabetes, obesity) were recorded in a database together with the laboratory data. (3) Results: At the time of diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection those patients who deceased within 90 days afterwards due to COVID-19, had a significantly higher age, higher KYN, KYN/TRP ratio, ferritin, creatinine, and NTproBNP values than SARS-CoV-2 patients who survived COVID-19 along the same time span. In a Kaplan-Meier analysis the variables age, KYN, ferritin, D-Dimer, TnT, NTproBNP, and creatinine showed a significant influence on survival time. Gender, however, showed no influence. In a combined Cox regression analysis KYN had the highest hazard ratio (1.188, 95% CI: 1.071–1.319) followed by age (1.041, 95% CI: 1.011–1.073). In a ROC analysis, KYN values above the cut off limit of 4.82 nmol/l (as specified by Youden index) had a sensitivity of 82% (95% CI: 66–95%) and a specificity of 72% (95% CI: 65–82%) to predict COVID-19 related death within 90 days observation time. (4) Conclusions: Kynurenine is a promising blood biomarker to predict an increased risk of mortality in SARS-CoV-2 infected people already at the time of the first positive SARS-CoV-2 verification detected in these persons.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Kynurenine Indicates a Fatal Course of COVID-19

et al. 2021

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“…Mass spectrometry (MS) has been used to define the urine metabolome, first in a diabetic murine model and subsequently applied clinically in the search for bladder cancer markers [10–12]. Measurement of urine kynurenine has been reported previously with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [13]. Here, we sought to establish methods for measurement of urine kynurenine and tryptophan utilizing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%