“…Makassans established trepang processing camps on the shores of various First Nations until 1906 CE when the Australian government effectively banned the Asian trepang fishery in Arnhem Land (Macknight, 1976: 100-126). Aboriginal people worked in the trepang industry and conducted exchange with the Makassans, trading items such as ironwood, hawksbill turtle shell, and pearl shell for pottery, glass beads, metal and cloth (e.g., see Clarke, 2000a;Clayton, 2022Clayton, , 2023Howard, 2009;Clark & May, 2013: 2;Litster et al, 2018;Macknight, 1976;Wesley & Litster, 2015). Since the 1930s, anthropologists have suggested that these interactions had profound effects on Aboriginal societies, including their ceremonies, material culture and exchange networks (Berndt & Berndt, 1947, 1954Crawford, 1969;McCarthy & Setzler, 1960;Thomson, 1949;Tindale, 1925Tindale, -1928Rose, 1961;Warner, 1932Warner, , 1958Worsley, 1955).…”