An FPGA-Based Quantum Computing Emulation Framework Based on Serial-Parallel Architecture

Abstract

Hardware emulation of quantum systems can mimic more efficiently the parallel behaviour of quantum computations, thus allowing higher processing speed-up than software simulations. In this paper, an efficient hardware emulation method that employs a serial-parallel hardware architecture targeted for field programmable gate array (FPGA) is proposed. Quantum Fourier transform and Grover’s search are chosen as case studies in this work since they are the core of many useful quantum algorithms. Experimental work shows that, with the proposed emulation architecture, a linear reduction in resource utilization is attained against the pipeline implementations proposed in prior works. The proposed work contributes to the formulation of a proof-of-concept baseline FPGA emulation framework with optimization on datapath designs that can be extended to emulate practical large-scale quantum circuits.

Scaling reconfigurable emulation of quantum algorithms at high precision and high throughput

“…Additionally, they did not model quantum entanglement in their work. Khalil‐Hani et al and Lee et al present hardware architectures emulating QFT and Grover's search circuit. In their work, a maximum fixed‐point precision of 24 bits was used to emulate up to 5‐qubit QFT and 7‐qubit Grover on a single FPGA.…”

“…Among related efforts, we reviewed large‐scale parallel quantum simulators and works of quantum emulation on field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware . The FPGA emulators, similar to parallel simulation platforms, can exploit the concurrent nature of quantum algorithms and demonstrate parallelism by instantiating concurrent hardware kernels.…”

“…Among related efforts, we reviewed large-scale parallel quantum simulators [29][30][31][32][33][34] and works of quantum emulation on field-programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] The FPGA emulators, similar to parallel simulation platforms, can exploit the concurrent nature of quantum algorithms and demonstrate parallelism by instantiating concurrent hardware kernels. Recently, Lee et al 39 and Silva and Zabaleta 40 have demonstrated lower latency and greater speedup over quantum simulators running on sequential machines.…”

“…[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] The FPGA emulators, similar to parallel simulation platforms, can exploit the concurrent nature of quantum algorithms and demonstrate parallelism by instantiating concurrent hardware kernels. Recently, Lee et al 39 and Silva and Zabaleta 40 have demonstrated lower latency and greater speedup over quantum simulators running on sequential machines. Moreover, FPGAs have the distinguishing feature of dynamic reconfigurability over other parallel architectures, eg, GPUs.…”

Dimension Reduction Using Quantum Wavelet Transform on a High-Performance Reconfigurable Computer

“…We further quantitatively compare our obtained experimental results with the existing FPGA-based emulation work [48][49][50][51][52][53] as shown in Table 3. Among the related work on FPGA emulation of quantum circuits, our emulator has the capability of emulating the largest quantum circuits (QFT, QHT, and Grover's search), with highest operating frequency (233 MHz) and high precision (32 bit floatingpoint).…”