An fMRI study of language processing in people at high genetic risk for schizophrenia

Li, Xiaobo; Branch, Craig A.; Bertisch, Hilary; Brown, Kyle; Szulc, Kamila U.; Ardekani, Babak A.; DeLisi, Lynn E.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.12.016

Cited by 57 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…However, in our preliminary whole brain activation study (Li et al, 2007), we found that in high-risk subjects and schizophrenia patients, regions of language processing were also involved during the non-linguistic control condition. Thus in these subjects, no significantly activated brain region was found during this subtraction paradigm.…”

Section: Fmri Analysesmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Although none of the genetically at high-risk subjects had a history of psychosis, 6 were diagnosed with DSM-IV axis II schizotypal personality disorder and four had a history of at least one episode of major depression (3 of which were in the schizotypal group). Data from 15 subjects in each group were analyzed in the preliminary voxel-based analysis study (Li et al, 2007). A total of 45 of the current 77 subjects overlap with the previous study.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental task has been described in detail by Li et al, (2007). A practice session with instructions was given to all subjects prior to the fMRI scanning.…”

Section: Experimental Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By studying individuals who are at high-risk for developing schizophrenia, one can determine biological factors that may be important for distinguishing people who are likely to later develop the illness. Subjects at high genetic risk for schizophrenia can be defined as individuals between the ages of 13 and 30, who have never been diagnosed with schizophrenia, but have a first-degree relative with the illness (Johnstone et al, 2000;Li et al, 2007). These individuals share on average 50% of genes with their diagnosed relatives and thus have a heightened risk of developing the disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chosen regions were bilateral inferior frontal gyri-Brodmann's area 44-45, the bilateral inferior parietal lobe-Brodmann's area 39-40, and bilateral superior temporal gyriBrodmann's area 22. In a recent initial study (Li et al, 2007) we reported differences in language processing between controls (n=15) and both high risk (n=15) and schizophrenic (n=15) cohorts using voxel-wise (whole brain) analysis of fMRI data acquired during a word discrimination task. The present study is an extension of that study using the same fMRI language paradigm in a larger cohort and now examining activation in specific language regions of interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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fMRI study of language activation in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and in individuals genetically at high risk

Branch

Ardekani

et al. 2007

Schizophrenia Research

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Background: Structural and functional abnormalities have been found in language-related brain regions in patients with schizophrenia. We previously reported findings pointing to differences in word processing between people with schizophrenia and individuals who are at high-risk for schizophrenia using a voxel-based (whole brain) fMRI approach. We now extend this finding to specifically examine functional activity in three language related cortical regions using a larger cohort of individuals.

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Section: Fmri Analysesmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental task has been described in detail by Li et al, (2007). A practice session with instructions was given to all subjects prior to the fMRI scanning.…”

Section: Experimental Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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fMRI study of language activation in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and in individuals genetically at high risk

Branch

Ardekani

et al. 2007

Schizophrenia Research

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A review of neuroimaging studies of young relatives of individuals with schizophrenia: A developmental perspective from schizotaxia to schizophrenia

Thermenos

Keshavan

Juelich

et al. 2013

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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In an effort to identify the developing abnormalities preceding psychosis, Dr. Ming T. Tsuang and colleagues at Harvard expanded Meehl's concept of "schizotaxia," and examined brain structure and function in families affected by schizophrenia (SZ). Here, we systematically review genetic (familial) highrisk (HR) studies of SZ using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), examine how findings inform models of SZ etiology, and suggest directions for future research. Neuroimaging studies of youth at HR for SZ through the age of 30 were identified through a MEDLINE (PubMed) search. There is substantial evidence of gray matter volume abnormalities in youth at HR compared to controls, with an accelerated volume reduction over time in association with symptoms and cognitive deficits. In structural neuroimaging studies, prefrontal cortex (PFC) alterations were the most consistently reported finding in HR. There was also consistent evidence of smaller hippocampal volume. In functional studies, hyperactivity of the right PFC during performance of diverse tasks with common executive demands was consistently reported. The only longitudinal fMRI study to date revealed increasing left middle temporal activity in association with the emergence of psychotic symptoms. There was preliminary evidence of cerebellar and default mode network alterations in association with symptoms. Brain abnormalities in structure, function and neurochemistry are observed in the premorbid period in youth at HR for SZ. Future research should focus on the genetic and environmental contributions to these alterations, determine how early they emerge, and determine whether they can be partially or fully remediated by innovative treatments.

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The XY gene hypothesis of psychosis: Origins and current status

Crow

2013

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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Sex differences in psychosis and their interaction with laterality (systematic departures from 50:50 left-right symmetry across the antero-posterior neural axis) are reviewed in the context of the X-Y gene hypothesis. Aspects of laterality (handedness/cerebral asymmetry/the torque) predict (1) verbal and non-verbal ability in childhood and across adult life and (2) anatomical, physiological, and linguistic variation relating to psychosis. Neuropsychological and MRI evidence from individuals with sex chromosome aneuploidies indicates that laterality is associated with an X-Y homologous gene pair. Within each mammalian species the complement of such X-Y gene pairs reflects their potential to account for taxon-specific sexual dimorphisms. As a consequence of the mechanism of meiotic suppression of unpaired chromosomes such X-Y gene pairs generate epigenetic variation around a species defining motif that is carried to the zygote with potential to initiate embryonic gene expression in XX or XY format. The Protocadherin11XY (PCDH11XY) gene pair in Xq21.3/Yp11.2 in probable coordination with a gene or genes within PAR2 (the second pseudo-autosomal region) is the prime candidate in relation to cerebral asymmetry and psychosis in Homo sapiens. The lately-described pattern of sequence variation associated with psychosis on the autosomes may reflect a component of the human genome's adjustment to selective pressures generated by the sexually dimorphic mate recognition system. © 2013 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics Published by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.

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An fMRI study of language processing in people at high genetic risk for schizophrenia

Cited by 57 publications

References 45 publications

fMRI study of language activation in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and in individuals genetically at high risk

fMRI study of language activation in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and in individuals genetically at high risk

A review of neuroimaging studies of young relatives of individuals with schizophrenia: A developmental perspective from schizotaxia to schizophrenia

The XY gene hypothesis of psychosis: Origins and current status

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