An F3 downburst in Austria—A case study with special focus on the importance of real-time site surveys

Pistotnik, Georg; Holzer, Alois M.; Kaltenböck, Rudolf; Tschannett, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.10.011

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The surface data (Figure 6) show a 180° wind shift and a rise in pressure but little change in temperature. Given this behavior, the evolution of the radial velocity field away from a strong outflow (Figure 5) and a fine line moving ahead of the leading edge of the system suggest a weakening of the cold pool and the likely generation of an atmospheric bore (e.g., Haghi et al, 2017; Kingsmill & Wakimoto, 1991; Pistotnik et al, 2011; Roberts & Wilson, 1989; Takayama et al, 1997; Wakimoto & Bringi, 1988). Evidence supporting this statement can be found in the Haghi et al (2017) study that utilized past analyses in the literature to classify fine lines in the nocturnal environment.…”

Section: Observational Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

A Modeling Study of an Atmospheric Bore Associated With a Nocturnal Convective System Over China

Zhang

Parsons

et al. 2020

JGR Atmospheres

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Bores have been shown to play a role in the initiation and maintenance of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), particularly during the night after the boundary layer stabilizes. To date, the generation, evolution, and structure of bores over China has received little attention. This study utilizes observations and simulations with the WRF-ARW model to investigate the generation and evolution of an atmospheric bore observed over Yangtze-Huai Plains of China. The bore was associated with a nocturnal MCS that first formed over elevated terrain. The bore was observed ahead of the MCS with a maximum lateral extension of~100 km. The feature lasted for over 90 mins and propagated at a speed of~13 m/s, slightly faster than the MCS. In the simulation, the bore evolved from the separating "head" of the convectively generated gravity current. The bore then continued to propagate ahead of the MCS, even after the dissipation of the feeder current, and took on the appearance of an undular bore. The bore lifted a layer of convectively unstable air above the nocturnal surface inversion, initiating new convection ahead of the MCS to help maintain the MCS. The Scorer parameter ahead of the bore revealed a low-level wind profile with curvature of the vertical profile of horizontal wind, favoring the trapping of wave energy and the persistence of the bore. These results are generally consistent with the role of bores in the maintenance of nocturnal MCSs and emphasize the need for future studies into the relationship between bores and nocturnal MCSs over China.

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Section: Observational Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

A Modeling Study of an Atmospheric Bore Associated With a Nocturnal Convective System Over China

Zhang

Parsons

et al. 2020

JGR Atmospheres

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“…Because PV intrusions have been observed in association with cold-season derechos (e.g. Pistotnik et al, 2011), we also analysed fields of potential vorticity (PV) on the 320 K isentropic surface. We used archived GFS charts of wetter3.de (http://www1.wetter3.de/Archiv/), concentrating on PV intrusions as indicated by sharp PV gradients and large PV values of more than 1.5 PV units (PVU; 1 PVU = 10 −6 Kkg −1 m 2 s −1 ); PV was only available for years after 1998.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to the examples of German warm-season type derechos, German cold-season type derechos form within north-westerly large-scale flow (Gatzen et al, 2011;Pistotnik et al, 2011;Mathias et al, 2018). In particular, Pistotnik et al (2011) describe a mid-troposphere PV intrusion in one of the cold-season type derechos. Cold-season type derechos form along narrow cold-frontal rainbands in an environment similar to high-shear-low-CAPE situations described for the United States (e.g.…”

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confidence: 94%

“…In contrast to the United States, the derecho definition is still not commonly used in Europe although several events have been classified in the past decades (Gatzen, 2004;Punkka et al, 2006;López, 2007;Gatzen et al, 2011;Pistotnik et al, 2011;Púčik et al, 2011;Simon et al, 2011;Hamid, 2012;Celiński-Mysław and Matuszko, 2014;Toll et al, 2015;Gospodinov et al, 2015;Mathias et al, 2018). Four of these derechos affected large portions of Germany (Gatzen, 2004;Gatzen et al, 2011;Pistotnik et al, 2011;Mathias et al, 2018). Before 2004, German convective windstorms were not classified as derechos, but there are indications of potential derechos in the previous literature (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next to the warm-season type derechos described above, three case studies refer to cold-season type derechos (Gatzen et al, 2011;Pistotnik et al, 2011;Mathias et al, 2018). In contrast to the examples of German warm-season type derechos, German cold-season type derechos form within north-westerly large-scale flow (Gatzen et al, 2011;Pistotnik et al, 2011;Mathias et al, 2018). In particular, Pistotnik et al (2011) describe a mid-troposphere PV intrusion in one of the cold-season type derechos.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An 18-year climatology of derechos in Germany

Gatzen¹,

Fink²,

Schultz³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Derechos are high-impact convective wind events that can cause fatalities and widespread losses. In this study, 40 derechos affecting Germany between 1997 and 2014 are analysed to estimate the derecho risk. Similar to the United States, Germany is affected by two derecho types. The first derecho type forms in south-westerly 500-hPa flow downstream of intense west-European troughs and accounts for 22 of the 40 derechos. These derechos are named warm-season type due to their peak occurrence in June and July. Warm-season type derechos frequently start over southwestern Germany in the afternoon and move either eastward along the Alpine forelands or north-eastward across southern central Germany. Only one warm-season derecho moved across the North Sea and one moved across the Baltic Sea in the 18-year period. Proximity soundings of German warm-season type derechos indicate strong deep-layer vertical wind shear with a median of 20 m s−1 0–6-km shear and mixed-layer Convective Available Potential Energy (mixed-layer CAPE) between 20 and 2600 J kg−1 with a median around 500 J kg−1. The second derecho type forms in north-westerly 500-hPa flow and accounts for 18 of the 40 derechos. These derechos form in strong north-westerly flow, frequently in association with mid-tropospheric PV intrusions. They are named cold-season type because they are associated with a secondary peak from December to February. Cold-season type derechos start over or close to the North Sea and primarily affect north and central Germany; their start time is not strongly related to the peak of diurnal heating. Proximity soundings indicate high-shear–low-CAPE environments with a median 0–6-km shear of 35 m s−1 and a median mixed-layer CAPE of 3 J kg−1. Environmental CAPE is zero in almost half of cold-season type proximity soundings. Fifteen warm-season type and nine cold-season type derechos had wind gusts reaching 33 m s−1 in at least at three locations. Although warm-season derechos are more frequent, the path length of cold-season type derechos is on average 1.4 times longer. Thus, these two types of German derechos are likely to have similar impacts.

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A 10-year climatology of cold-season narrow cold-frontal rainbands in Germany

Gatzen¹

2011

Atmospheric Research

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An F3 downburst in Austria—A case study with special focus on the importance of real-time site surveys

Cited by 20 publications

References 41 publications

A Modeling Study of an Atmospheric Bore Associated With a Nocturnal Convective System Over China

A Modeling Study of an Atmospheric Bore Associated With a Nocturnal Convective System Over China

An 18-year climatology of derechos in Germany

A 10-year climatology of cold-season narrow cold-frontal rainbands in Germany

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