“…Based on the levels of conflict (Glasl, 1982) and the notion of conflict escalation as a pathway to workplace bullying (e.g. Baillien et al, 2015;Leon-Perez, Medina, Arenas, & Munduate, 2015) the process could be described as an escalation of negative acts. At some level the risk of this escalating process leading to bullying increases, and at some point, the systematics of exposure of negative acts increases to a level where the ability to defend oneself drops to an extent that it is relevant to talk about becoming a victim of bullying.…”