An extremely safe and wearable solid-state zinc ion battery based on a hierarchical structured polymer electrolyte

Li, Hongfei; Han, Cuiping; Huang, Yan; Huang, Yang; Zhu, Minshen; Pei, Zengxia; Xue, Qi; Wang, Zifeng; Liu, Zhuoxin; Tang, Zijie; Wang, Yukun; Kang, Feiyu; Chen, Zhi

doi:10.1039/c7ee03232c

Cited by 735 publications

(542 citation statements)

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remains a challenge. [6][7][8][9][10] Therefore, developing stretchable zinc-air batteries with stretchability and weavability will be highly attractive as a power unit for various flexible/wearable devices.The difficulty to develop super-stretchable zinc-air battery is that it must use strong alkaline electrolyte (always 6 m KOH) to achieve decent power density considering all zinc-air batteries with neutral electrolyte possess unacceptable low power output. [1][2][3][4][5] In addition, the process of assembling zinc-air battery does not require water-free and/or oxygenfree environment, which is in favor of scaling up at low cost.

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confidence: 99%

Super‐Stretchable Zinc–Air Batteries Based on an Alkaline‐Tolerant Dual‐Network Hydrogel Electrolyte

Chen

Wang

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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remains a challenge. Meanwhile, zincair battery provides a theoretical energy density up to 1086 Wh•kg −1 , even much higher than commercial lithium-ion batteries, promising to next-generation longlasting power system. [1][2][3][4][5] In addition, the process of assembling zinc-air battery does not require water-free and/or oxygenfree environment, which is in favor of scaling up at low cost. [6][7][8][9][10] Therefore, developing stretchable zinc-air batteries with stretchability and weavability will be highly attractive as a power unit for various flexible/wearable devices.The difficulty to develop super-stretchable zinc-air battery is that it must use strong alkaline electrolyte (always 6 m KOH) to achieve decent power density considering all zinc-air batteries with neutral electrolyte possess unacceptable low power output. [11,12] On the other hand, most super-stretchable hydrogels that are considered as an essential component of a stretchable energy storage device will lose their stretchability under such strong alkaline environment. Currently, a zincair battery is typically assembled using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based electrolyte. [2,[13][14][15][16][17] However, the PVA-based electrolyte possesses very poor stretchability (even worse when alkaline electrolyte infiltrated), and meanwhile it shows limited ion-transport capability, resulting in poorly electrochemical performance and mechanical flexibility. [18][19][20][21] Although other hydrogels, such as polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyacrylamide (PAM), show strong water-retention capability and high stretchability, [22,23] unfortunately, they will lose their mechanical robustness, especially the stretchability, when they are incorporated with strong alkaline electrolyte. [24][25][26] Therefore, the absence of alkaline-tolerant hydrogel electrolyte with high stretchability and excellent ion transport capability is the key challenge to fabricate super-stretchable zinc-air battery and enhance its weavability. An alternative way to fabricate stretchable zinc-air battery (very limited stretchability with a maximum strain less than 10%) has been proposed, that is to use electron/ion-inactive stretchable substrate (e.g., rubber elastomer) or strain-accommodating engineering of device structure (e.g., fiber-shaped planar structure). [27][28][29] The problem is that the stretchable components are additional, and they are not involved in any chemical reactions. In some cases, Stretchable devices need elastic hydrogel electrolyte as an essential component, while most hydrogels will lose their stretchability after being incorporated with strong alkaline solution. This is why highly stretchable zinc-air batteries have never been reported so far. Herein, super-stretchable, flat-(800% stretchable) and fiber-shaped (500% stretchable) zinc-air batteries are first developed by designing an alkaline-tolerant dual-network hydrogel electrolyte. In the dualnetwork hydrogel electrolyte, sodium polyacrylate (PANa) chains contribute to the formation of soft domains and the carboxyl gr...

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confidence: 99%

Super‐Stretchable Zinc–Air Batteries Based on an Alkaline‐Tolerant Dual‐Network Hydrogel Electrolyte

Chen

Wang

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…[36,37,40,41,43,55,58,62,63,82] When the aforementioned methods can be used to full advantage, dendrite-free zinc-based batteries can also be produced. [36,37,40,41,43,55,58,62,63,82] When the aforementioned methods can be used to full advantage, dendrite-free zinc-based batteries can also be produced.…”

Section: Methodstop Roduce Dendrite-free Zinc Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4,5,23,42,72,73] Incorporating flowing electrolytes with other modifyingm ethods as described above can address the dendritic issue in flow batteries very effectively. [36,43,55,62,63,75] When using these novel types of electrolytes, ad endrite-free zinc deposition process can even be achieved, which will be discussed in the following section. [72] Moreover,t he use of polymer electrolytes, neutrala sw ell as acidic electrolytes, ionic liquids, and organic solvents for zincates have all been studied.…”

Section: Optimization Of Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Zinc Dendrite Growth in Zinc‐Based Batteries

et al. 2018

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Zinc deposition and dissolution is a significant process in zinc‐based batteries. During this process, the formation of zinc dendrites is pervasive, which leads to the loss of efficiency and capacity of batteries. The continually growing dendrites will finally pierce the separator and cause the batteries to short circuit. Thus, employing effective methods to inhibit the formation and growth of zinc dendrites is vital for the practical application of zinc‐based batteries. This Minireview first clarifies the formation and growth principles of zinc dendrites. Then, the research and development of methods to solve the problem of zinc dendrites are reviewed, including ways to suppress the further formation and growth of dendrites as far as possible, to minimize the adverse effects of dendrites, along with ways to produce dendrite‐free deposition processes. The mechanisms, advantages, drawbacks, and perspectives of these methods are illustrated. Thus, this overview of these methods will aid understanding of the formation process of zinc dendrites and provide an extensive, comprehensive, and professional reference to resolve the problem of zinc dendrites completely.

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“…[55] In this regard, Zhi and co-workers devoted their efforts to modify the zincate-based gel electrolyte and synthesized a novel hierarchical polymer electrolyte (HPE) composed of gelatin and polyacrylamide (PAM), [56] leading to a successful demonstration of a wearable solid-state rechargeable Zn-MnO 2 battery based on HPE and α-MnO 2 nanorod/carbon nanotube (CNT) cathode. However, its relatively low ionic conductivity (10 −3 S cm −1 ) as compared to aqueous electrolyte (10 −1 S cm −1 ) would decrease the power density of flexible Zn-based batteries.…”

Section: Flexible Electrolytementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Flexible Zinc‐Based Rechargeable Batteries

Zhong

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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date, there have been commercial efforts to manufacture lithium thin film batteries (<1 mm in thickness) being flexible and suitable for use in card-type and wearable devices. [3] However, these thin and flexible lithium-ion batteries have typically exhibited far less volumetric energy densities (<200 Wh L −1 ) than those of conventional lithium-ion batteries (<650 Wh L −1 ). [4] This performance roll-off is largely due to the fact that high barrier encapsulation of air and moisture sensitive lithium battery materials can severely impact the effective volumetric efficiency as the batteries are miniaturized. Therefore, high volumetric energy density lithium batteries with thickness <1 mm will be critical to enabling flexible electronics. [5] To this end, notable advancements have been made in the design of flexible lithium-sulfur and lithium-air batteries-those cathode chemistries enable high theoretical energy densities of 2800 and 6940 Wh L −1 , respectively-yet there remains substantial room for improvement. [6][7][8] The potential to yield high volumetric capacities by using less environmentally sensitive materials in the batteries sees zinc as an attractive anode alternative to lithium. In addition to the stability, zinc is likely to experience less cost pressure on raw material availability compared to lithium. In all cases, zinc secondary batteries represent a highly promising area of technology for Flexible Zn-based batteries are regarded as promising alternatives to flexible lithium-ion batteries for wearable electronics owing to the natural advantages of zinc, such as environmental friendliness and low cost. In the past few years, flexible Zn-based batteries have been studied intensively and exciting achievements have been obtained in this field. However, the development of flexible Zn-based batteries is still at an early stage. The challenges of developing flexible lithium-ion batteries are presented here. Then, a brief overview of recent progress in flexible zinc secondary batteries from the perspective of advanced materials and some issues that remain to be addressed are discussed.

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An extremely safe and wearable solid-state zinc ion battery based on a hierarchical structured polymer electrolyte

Abstract: A long-life, high-capacity, highly safe and wearable solid-state zinc ion battery was constructed using a novel gelatin and PAM based electrolyte.

Cited by 735 publications

References 48 publications

Super‐Stretchable Zinc–Air Batteries Based on an Alkaline‐Tolerant Dual‐Network Hydrogel Electrolyte

Super‐Stretchable Zinc–Air Batteries Based on an Alkaline‐Tolerant Dual‐Network Hydrogel Electrolyte

Inhibition of Zinc Dendrite Growth in Zinc‐Based Batteries

Recent Advances in Flexible Zinc‐Based Rechargeable Batteries

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