An extreme climatic event and systemic vulnerabilities in the face of conflict: insights from the Taliban insurgency in Swat, Pakistan

Muzamil, Muhammad Rafay; Tschakert, Petra; Boruff, Bryan; Shahbaz, Babar

doi:10.1007/s10113-020-01738-y

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Unfortunately, schools, hospitals, and roads are still destructed and have not been rebuilt even after a decade of war ( Saeed Khan, 2019 ). The prevalence burden of infectious diseases might be attributed to the displacement and evacuation of citizens to the other parts of Pakistan where infections are more prevalent ( Muzamil et al, 2021 ). The war in the Swat district has affected people of every walk of life and still infectious diseases are most prevalent, and this is relevant with the current study to measure the knowledge, attitude, and practices toward antibiotics and ABR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Consumers Perspective on the Consumption of Antibiotics, Antibiotic Resistance, and Recommendations to Improve the Rational use of Antibiotics: An Exploratory Qualitative Study From Post-Conflicted Region of Pakistan

et al. 2022

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Background: Antibiotics misuse is a global challenge, and the situation is likely to deteriorate in conflict zones with insufficient health services. The misuse of antibiotics is not only associated with antimicrobial resistance but may also lead to serious consequences. This study was aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practices on antibiotic consumption, antibiotic resistance (ABR), and related suggestions among residents of conflicted zones in Pakistan.Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted at community pharmacies between June 2020 and January 2021. The primary findings were ascertained through thematic content analysis. Themes, sub-themes, and categories were drawn from the final analysis. Data analysis was carried out in six steps from getting to know the data to final report development.Results: A total of 20 consumers were interviewed with a mean interview duration of 25.4 min. The average age of participants was 35.1 years, and most of them were males. ABR was unfamiliar to the participants. Most of the participants understood the term “antibiotics,” but they did not know how to use them properly. The participants were unable to distinguish between bacterial and viral illnesses. Thirteen participants believed that antibiotics have a faster effect than any other drug. Most of the participants perceived that every antibiotic could cause diarrhea, and pharmacy staff sometimes prefer other medicines such as multivitamins. Consumer practices regarding antibiotic usage and ABR were found to be poor. Most participants recommended that health officials must ensure qualified staff at pharmacies with strict regulations. Five participants said that a leaflet with antibiotic instructions in Urdu (national language) is usually beneficial, especially when making solutions from powder.Conclusions: This study underscored poor knowledge, attitude, and practices among residents of conflicted zones towards antibiotics and ABR. Low literacy rate, unavailability of healthcare facilities, absence of pharmacists at community pharmacies, and uncontrolled sales of antibiotics are some factors attributed to serious hazards, ABR, and irrational use of drugs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Consumers Perspective on the Consumption of Antibiotics, Antibiotic Resistance, and Recommendations to Improve the Rational use of Antibiotics: An Exploratory Qualitative Study From Post-Conflicted Region of Pakistan

et al. 2022

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“…Senior members of the group have been found to have played a key role in eliminating intimidation and fetching harmony in the country. The finding is buttressed by the research work of (Muzamil, Tschakert, Boruff, & Shahbaz, 2021). It was determined that communal power and pliability are constructed by including youth and other communal adherents in constructive undertakings-communal work, engagement, and sporting events to alleviate disasters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pakistan and Nigeria, which have the highest number, responsible for death are the fanatic factions who demonstrate a high standard of freedom. Extremism is opposition to fundamental principles, which comprise egalitarianism, the rule of law, human rights, reciprocal reverence, and big-heartedness for diverse dogmas (Muzamil, Tschakert, Boruff, & Shahbaz, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Community Resilience Against Violent Extremism Through Lived Experiences of Community Members in Swat-Pakistan

Idris

Saeed

2021

HSSR

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Purpose of the Research: The paper focuses to investigate CR (community resilience) counter to extremism through the lived experiences of community members. Methodology: To gather appropriate data from the partakers, the qualitative research design was applied. To analyze the gathered Clarke and Braun (2014) thematic analysis approach was used. Results: The results of this research work were construed and the ways forward were fitted out given that. the project team is in the process of initiating a report that focuses on strengthening community capacity, which is the main objective of this paper. The edition will make a positive contribution to all interested and humane people, mostly to the less fortunate. Application of the research: Moreover, it can be said that this project will have an impact on future research in the field of community empowerment. This work will also highlight the important opportunity for historical research on community resilience to combat violent extremism. Novelty/Originality of the research: Past research has sufficiently investigated similar topics. However, none of the past research approached the topic through the lived experience of the community members. Thus, this research (by studying the problem through the lived experience of the community members) is unique.

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“…Existing studies have indicated that conditions under which land degradation degrades the living conditions of people who depend on ecosystems for food and feed are highly vulnerable to climate change [38][39][40]. Land degradation can be caused by several factors.…”

Section: Land Degradation/land Covermentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Vulnerability Factors Linking Climate Change and Conflict

Nagano

Sekiyama

2023

Climate

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This systematic literature review gathers societal vulnerability factors linking climate change and conflict from 53 existing studies. The findings reveal three main points. First, four relevant factors are missing from a previous vulnerability analysis framework proposed by Pearson and Newman: land degradation/land cover, gender, customs, and geographical conditions. Second, two factors, access to technology (e.g., for climate change adaptation) and partially democratic states, are insufficiently studied. Third, classification criteria in the previous framework need revision for accuracy. Considering these points, this study proposes a modified vulnerability analysis framework and offers five suggestions for future research directions in climate security research. First, more qualitative case studies are needed to complement the quantitative work. Second, in particular, cases where conflict was avoided or cooperation was established in high vulnerability areas need further research. Third, further research is needed on understudied factors (e.g., access to technology and partial democracy) and on factors the conventional framework cannot explain (e.g., land degradation/land cover, gender, customs, and geographical conditions). Fourth, no single vulnerability factor leads to conflict in isolation, but only in interaction; their connections must be studied. Finally, case studies are needed on vulnerability factors in countries and regions that have suffered from climate change but have not experienced conflict.

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An extreme climatic event and systemic vulnerabilities in the face of conflict: insights from the Taliban insurgency in Swat, Pakistan

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Evaluation of Consumers Perspective on the Consumption of Antibiotics, Antibiotic Resistance, and Recommendations to Improve the Rational use of Antibiotics: An Exploratory Qualitative Study From Post-Conflicted Region of Pakistan

Evaluation of Consumers Perspective on the Consumption of Antibiotics, Antibiotic Resistance, and Recommendations to Improve the Rational use of Antibiotics: An Exploratory Qualitative Study From Post-Conflicted Region of Pakistan

Investigating Community Resilience Against Violent Extremism Through Lived Experiences of Community Members in Swat-Pakistan

Review of Vulnerability Factors Linking Climate Change and Conflict

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