An extract of Penicillium chrysogenum elicits early defense-related responses and induces resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana independently of known signalling pathways

The Plant Growth-promoting Fungus Penicillium spp. GP15-1 Enhances Growth and Confers Protection against Damping-off and Anthracnose in the Cucumber

“…Thus, the protective effect of GP15-1 against C. orbiculare seems to be plant-mediated. Studies have shown that PGPF and their CFs are highly effective in reducing the severity of a number of plant diseases by the induction of systemic resistance 12,21,40,41 . This indicates that PGPF secrete elicitor substances in their CFs.…”

The Receptor-Like Protein ReMAX of Arabidopsis Detects the Microbe-Associated Molecular Pattern eMax from Xanthomonas

“…Chimeric RLPs have previously been used to identify sites important for the ligand specificity of closely related Cf resistance proteins from tomato (van der Hoorn et al, 2005;Wulff et al, 2009). By contrast, in our study, chimeras of two RLPs exhibiting only 29% sequence identity were used to investigate subdomains important for downstream signaling in cells of heterologous plant species.…”

“…The fungal preparation Pen from Penicillium chrysogenum (Thuerig et al, 2005) and the peptides flg22 and flg22 A.tum were used as described before. Xanthomonas strains used were Xanthomonas axonopodis pv citri strain 306 (Xac) (da Silva et al, 2002), Xanthomonas arboricola pv juglandis strain DSM-1049 (Xaj) (DSMZ), and Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria strain 85-10 Bonas et al, 1989).…”

“…To test for general responsiveness to MAMPs preparations of Pen (Thuerig et al, 2005), elf18 (Zipfel et al, 2006) and flg22 were used as positive controls and flg22 A.tum as negative control, respectively .…”

Perception of the novel MAMP eMax from differentXanthomonasspecies requires theArabidopsisreceptor-like protein ReMAX and the receptor kinase SOBIR

“…sobir mutants lack responsiveness to emax. Ethylene biosynthesis in response to emax (2 µg/ml) and Pen (90 µg/ml) 18 in leaves from Col-0 wild-type and the mutants fls2 efr rlp1-2 and sobir1-12 (SaLK_050715 19 ). the bars and error bars represent means and standard deviations of three replicates.…”