An Extensive Review of Shape Memory Polymers for Biomedical Applications

Gayathri, A.; Sajja, J. Naveena; Daswani, M. Vidhyashree; Prabhakaran, Venkateshkumar; Ravindiran, M.

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/993/1/012161

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The most extensively used temperature-responsive materials in 4D-printing applications are SMPs and sensitive polymer solutions. Generally, SMPs are first printed and then shape-modified with temperature [ 147 , 148 , 149 ]. They can be permanently deformed applying a temperature above their glass transition temperature (Tg,1), or temporarily modified by heating at a temperature between Tg,1 and their intermediate glass transition temperature (Tg,2) and subsequently cooling to a lower temperature.…”

Section: Stimulus and Effect On Responsive Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

4D Printing: The Development of Responsive Materials Using 3D-Printing Technology

Antezana,

Municoy,

Ostapchuk

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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Additive manufacturing, widely known as 3D printing, has revolutionized the production of biomaterials. While conventional 3D-printed structures are perceived as static, 4D printing introduces the ability to fabricate materials capable of self-transforming their configuration or function over time in response to external stimuli such as temperature, light, or electric field. This transformative technology has garnered significant attention in the field of biomedical engineering due to its potential to address limitations associated with traditional therapies. Here, we delve into an in-depth review of 4D-printing systems, exploring their diverse biomedical applications and meticulously evaluating their advantages and disadvantages. We emphasize the novelty of this review paper by highlighting the latest advancements and emerging trends in 4D-printing technology, particularly in the context of biomedical applications.

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Section: Stimulus and Effect On Responsive Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

4D Printing: The Development of Responsive Materials Using 3D-Printing Technology

Antezana,

Municoy,

Ostapchuk

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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“…To overcome these drawbacks, approaches using highly functional materials, such as shape memory polymers (SMPs), offer interesting possibilities [10][11][12][13][14]. SMPs can make contributions in various fields of work such as in biomedicine [15][16][17][18][19][20][21], sensor applications [22][23][24], and soft robotics [25][26][27]. They are able to retain an imposed temporary shape after a thermomechanical treatment, so-called "programming", until the shape memory effect (SME) is triggered, whereupon the material returns to its thermally processed permanent shape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Stimuli-Responsive Orthodontic Aligners: An In Vitro Study

et al. 2023

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Aligner therapy for orthodontic tooth movement is gaining importance in orthodontics. The aim of this contribution is to introduce a thermo- and water-responsive shape memory polymer (SMP), which could lay the foundation for a new type of aligner therapy. The thermal, thermo-mechanical, and shape memory properties of thermoplastic polyurethane were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and various practical experiments. The glass transition temperature of the SMP relevant for later switching was determined to be 50 °C in the DSC, while the tan δ peak was detected at 60 °C in the DMA. A biological evaluation was carried out using mouse fibroblast cells, which showed that the SMP is not cytotoxic in vitro. On a digitally designed and additively manufactured dental model, four aligners were fabricated from an injection-molded foil using a thermoforming process. The aligners were then heated and placed on a second denture model which had a malocclusion. After cooling, the aligners were in a programmed shape. The movement of a loose, artificial tooth and thus the correction of the malocclusion could be realized by thermal triggering the shape memory effect, at which the aligner corrected a displacement with an arc length of approximately 3.5 mm. The developed maximum force was separately determined to be about 1 N. Moreover, shape recovery of another aligner was realized within 20 h in 37 °C water. In perspective, the present approach can help to reduce the number of orthodontic aligners in therapy and thus avoid excessive material waste.

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“…SMPs are smart materials that can be deformed into a temporary shape and fixed, and then regain their original shape in response to an external stimulus [11]. Direct and indirect stimuli methods such as heat, infrared, visible light, solvents, magnetic fields, current and mechanical forces are commonly used in SMP actuation [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape memory polymer smart plaster for orthopaedic treatments

Jeewantha

Jayalath²,

Don³

et al. 2022

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Shape memory polymer (SMP) is a smart material that can respond to external stimuli and recover its permanent shape after being programmed. Researchers have been interested in SMPs for invasive biomedical applications, but there are many opportunities for non-invasive applications. Thus, in this study, a novel hybrid shape memory polymer nanocomposite smart plaster (SP) is synthesised for non-invasive orthopaedic fractured bone immobilisation. Due to its considerable structural properties, the SP for this study was synthesised with Bisphenol A epoxy, reinforced with E-glass fibres, its bioinspiration qualities were improved incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles. After that, the SP was preserved for three months under five different conditions. This was done to compare their environmental durability and usability for fractured bone immobilisation by analysing the resulting thermomechanical and shape memory properties. In addition, an Abaqus finite element model was developed and validated which can be used to optimise the design and geometrical parameters of the SP. The SP vitro performance was verified, demonstrating a lower limb leg cylindrical cast in less than 10 minutes. The SP at 50oC and two layers of cotton webril produced the optimum results, and the recorded maximum undercast temperature was less than 45oC, which was within the safe limit for human use. Furthermore, the undercast pressure did not surpass 30.2±5.2 mmHg, indicating that the results are equivalent to other bone immobilisation procedures. Therefore, the synthesised SP showed a promising approach to address existing orthopaedic fractured bone limb immobilisation challenges.

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An Extensive Review of Shape Memory Polymers for Biomedical Applications

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

4D Printing: The Development of Responsive Materials Using 3D-Printing Technology

4D Printing: The Development of Responsive Materials Using 3D-Printing Technology

Dual Stimuli-Responsive Orthodontic Aligners: An In Vitro Study

Shape memory polymer smart plaster for orthopaedic treatments

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