An Extensive Overview of Islanding Detection Strategies of Active Distributed Generations in Sustainable Microgrids

Abstract

Active distributed generations (ADGs) are more prevalent near consumer premises. However, the ADG penetration contribute a lot of dynamic changes in power distribution networks which cause different protection and control issues. Islanding is one of the crucial problems related to such ADGs; on the other hand, islanding detection is also a challenging aspect. Therefore, an extensive review of islanding real-time depiction and islanding detection strategies (IDS) is provided in this work. Initially, the focus is on islanding detection concept depiction, islanding detection standardization, benchmark test systems for IDS validation, and software/tools and an analysis of their pros and cons. Then, the detailed classification of IDSs is presented with an emphasis on remote and local methods. Passive, active, and hybrid can be used further to categorize local IDSs. Moreover, the statistical comparative analysis of the IDSs based on the non-detection-zone (NDZ), cost-effectiveness, and false operation are mentioned. The research gap and loopholes in the existing work based on limitations in the existing work are presented. Finally, the paper is concluded with detailed recommendations.

Triple‐indexed passive islanding detection strategy for grid‐connected distributed generation networks using an extended Kalman filter

“…Islanding detection requires special attention because unintentional islanding is one of the most dangerous situations in such GCDGNs [4][5][6][7]. Unintentional islanding phenomena arise when the national grid supply is cut off from the DGs as a result of any fault or switching events, hence posing severe safety and protection troubles [8,9]. Following IEEE and IEC prerequisites and standards, the islanding detecting relay's essential function detaches the islanded DGs in 1-2 s. Numerous IDMs were documented in earlier studies [10].…”

Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding detection methods in power grids

“…For instance, passive procedures do not degrade power quality but active solutions, which are based on injections and disruption, may. Table 3 provides a brief comparison of islanding detection approaches based on power quality [26]- [29].…”

“…While remote techniques are faster than passive and active methods, the passive method's response time is longer than the active method's response time. Table 4 provides a brief comparison of islanding detection approaches based on response time [26]- [29].…”

Novel design and performance evaluation of an indirectly forced convection desiccant integrated solar dryer for drying tomatoes in Pakistan

“…Numerous approaches for the preservation of food were reported in previous literature; Sun-drying, Oven-drying, Dehydrator, Microwave drying, Air-drying, etc [ 7 , 8 ]. According to the research that has been done thus far on solar drying, it is essential to create naive, affordable, and applicable solar dryers to meet the rising need for food preservation, particularly in developing nations like Pakistan [ [9] , [10] , [11] ]. Solar energy is a gift from God to our country in which almost 300 out of 365 days we receive a tremendous amount of solar radiation [ 12 , 13 ].…”