“…Several incremental learning methods for prototype-based clustering (mostly in single-pass manner) have been proposed in recent literature, for instance single-pass k-means [33], dynamic fuzzy k-nearest neighbors clustering [44], a recursive variant of subtractive clustering termed as eClustering [3], a recursive Gustafson-Kessel approach [29] and an evolving version of it [34], evolving neural-type models based on neural gas [88], evolving self-organizing maps (ESOM) [26], or the approach in [92] within the application of time series data, to name a few -for a recent overview and comprehensive list of references, see [15,36]. Most of these extract ellipsoidal clusters in main position (axes-parallel).…”