An extended travelling fire method framework for performance‐based structural design

Dai, Xu; Welch, Stephen; Vassart, Olivier; Cábová, Kamila; Jiang, Liming; MacLean, Justine; Clifton, G. Charles; Usmani, Asif

doi:10.1002/fam.2810

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…Radiation from the smoke layer was evaluated considering the smoke layer as an isothermal surface with temperature and elevation provided by the zone model (OZone) [49]. Absorption of radiation by air below the smoke layer is considered as negligible [50].…”

Section: Radiation From the Smoke Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

GoZone: A Numerical Model for Travelling Fires Based on Cellular Automata Concept

Gamba

Franssen

2021

Applied Sciences

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Fires in large compartments tend to burn locally and to move across the floor over a period of time; this particular behaviour has been discovered to challenge the assumption of uniform gas temperature in the fire compartment. Recent studies on fires in large compartments have led to the now widely known concept of “travelling fires”. Several models have been proposed to describe the evolution in time of travelling fires. Although these models represented an innovative step in the field of travelling fires, the major drawbacks of these models can be found in the simplification of fire dynamics (constant spread rate, 1D imposed fire path) and limited field of application (rectangular based geometries). The purpose of this paper is to present a numerical model of travelling fire. The model was based on an improved zone model combined with a cellular automata model. The software GoZone, in which the model was implemented, is intended to be a practical solution to analyse fires in large compartments of potentially any shape. GoZone is aimed to describe the complex dynamics of the fire from ignition to a phase of growing localised fire that may eventually travel in the compartment, possibly followed by a flashover. The main sub models comprising GoZone are presented. A comparison is given with the results of under ventilated fire test 2 of the BST/FSR 1993 test series and with respect to the Veselì travelling fire test is shown. GoZone shows a promising capacity to represent fires in a large compartment in both air and fuel controlled fire conditions.

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Section: Radiation From the Smoke Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

GoZone: A Numerical Model for Travelling Fires Based on Cellular Automata Concept

Gamba

Franssen

2021

Applied Sciences

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“…Yet, fires in large compartments do not always reach a post-flashover fire state and there is instead a more localised fire that may travel within the compartment. More recently, the "travelling fire" terminology (Stern-Gottfried and Rein, 2012;Dai et al, 2020) has been used to define fires burning locally and moving across entire floor plates over a period of time. Several studies (Horová et al, 2013;Rush et al, 2015;Hidalgo et al, 2017) have been presented about the behaviour of a structure when it is subjected to a travelling fire.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the influence of steel structure compartment geometry on travelling fires

Charlier

Gamba

Dai

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures

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The response of structures exposed to fire is highly dependent on the type of fire that occurs, which is in turn very dependent on the compartment geometry. In the frame of the European RFCS TRAFIR project, CFD simulations using FDS software were carried out to analyse the influence of compartment geometry and the interaction with representative fuel loads to explore the conditions leading to the development of a travelling fire. The influence observed of ceiling height, crib spacing, and opening geometry in controlling spread rates tend to confirm the possibility to predict the occurrence, or not, of travelling fire. The results of one CFD analysis are then used to perform a nonlinear thermomechanical analysis of a steel structure with SAFIR ® software. Indeed, it is possible to use the radiative intensities and gas temperatures obtained with CFD to calculate with FEM the temperatures in structural elements located in the compartment, and to evaluate the structural behaviour of a frame made of these elements. This paper therefore highlights the effect of building design specifications on the temperature development and on the resulting mechanical behaviour of a steel structure that considers comprehensively the travelling nature of the fire.

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“…However, in this model, localised fires are assumed to remain in given locations and do not reflect the possible travelling nature of the fire. In 2020, Dai et al [10] proposed a new travelling fire framework ("ETFM") considering a mobile version of Hasemi model-a localised fire model-and a smoke layer computed by the "FIRM" zone model [11]. A limitation of the ETFM framework is the limited applicability of Hasemi's localised fire model which is applicable only if the fire impacts the ceiling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Analytical Model to Determine the Heat Fluxes to a Structural Element Due to a Travelling Fire

et al. 2021

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The term “travelling fire” is used to label fires which burn locally and move across the floor over a period of time in large compartments. Through experimental and numerical campaigns and while observing the tragic travelling fire events, it became clear that such fires imply a transient heating of the surrounding structure. The necessity to better characterize the thermal impact generated on the structure by a travelling fire motivated the development of an analytical model allowing to capture, in a simple manner, the multidimensional transient heating of a structure considering the effect of the ventilation. This paper first presents the basic assumptions of a new analytical model which is based on the virtual solid flame concept; a comparison of the steel temperatures measured during a travelling fire test in a steel-framed building with the ones obtained analytically is then presented. The limitations inherent to the analyticity of the model are also discussed. This paper suggests that the developed analytical model can allow for both an acceptable representation of the travelling fire in terms of fire spread and steel temperatures while not being computationally demanding, making it potentially desirable for pre-design.

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An extended travelling fire method framework for performance‐based structural design

Cited by 35 publications

References 41 publications

GoZone: A Numerical Model for Travelling Fires Based on Cellular Automata Concept

GoZone: A Numerical Model for Travelling Fires Based on Cellular Automata Concept

Modelling the influence of steel structure compartment geometry on travelling fires

Development of an Analytical Model to Determine the Heat Fluxes to a Structural Element Due to a Travelling Fire

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