An extended root phenotype: the rhizosphere, its formation and impacts on plant fitness

Cantó, Carla de la Fuente; Simonin, Marie; King, Eoghan; Moulin, Lionel; Bennett, Malcolm; Castrillo, Gabriel; Laplaze, Laurent

doi:10.1111/tpj.14781

Cited by 180 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…In addition to RSA, anatomical scale traits such as cortical aerenchyma can reduce root respiration by up to 50% [40], enabling crops to reinvest their C in roots or other organs. • Despite growing recognition of the importance of the soil microbiome on crop RSA and vice versa [41] and development of a multibillion-dollar industry selling microbiome-based seed coatings for crops, major gaps exist in our knowledge of the mechanisms integrating root and biotic signaling.…”

Section: Root Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Research Bottlenecks to Crop Productivity

Reynolds

Atkin

Bennett

et al. 2021

Trends in Plant Science

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Asymmetry of investment in crop research leads to knowledge gaps and lost opportunities to accelerate genetic gain through identifying new sources and combinations of traits and alleles. On the basis of consultation with scientists from most major seed companies, we identified several research areas with three common features: (i) relatively underrepresented in the literature; (ii) high probability of boosting productivity in a wide range of crops and environments; and (iii) could be researched in 'precompetitive' space, leveraging previous knowledge, and thereby improving models that guide crop breeding and management decisions. Areas identified included research into hormones, recombination, respiration, roots, and source-sink, which, along with new opportunities in phenomics, genomics, and bioinformatics, make it more feasible to explore crop genetic resources and improve breeding strategies. Asymmetry in Crop ResearchResearch into crop growth and adaptation under diverse cultivation scenarios has underpinned global food security, especially since the Green Revolution, during which time the global population has more than doubled. During the same time, the global area of cultivated cereals, which account for more than 70% of total calories consumed by humans, has barely changed while yields have tripled. i These two statistics alone clearly support the impact of crop research on breeding and agronomy as well as effective policy decisions and the agility of farmers to adopt new technologies [1,2]. Nonetheless, the challenges that global agriculture now faces are not just to feed 10+ billion people within a generation, but to do so under a harsher and less predictable climate, and in many cases with less water and declining soil quality [1]. Clearly, research, breeding, and agronomy must be even more effective. HighlightsMore symmetrical investment in crop research will create opportunities to improve crop models, combine new alleles through prebreeding, and suggest novel crop management practices.Consensus among public and private sectors is that more investment is needed to improve understanding of hormone crosstalk, recombination rate, maintenance respiration, root structure and function, and source-sink balance.Greater investment in these areas is expected to benefit a wide range of crops across most environments.

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Section: Root Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Research Bottlenecks to Crop Productivity

Reynolds

Atkin

Bennett

et al. 2021

Trends in Plant Science

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“…After a repeat drought event, cultivars with increased root growth responses to the initial drought event had an increase in root water uptake, stomatal conductance and shoot growth compared to those that did not [58]. As an extended root phenotype [59], rhizosphere and endosphere communities might also contribute to this stress memory. In particular, drought-mediated compositional changes that persist during the recovery period could amplify the response of plants to future drought events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought duration determines the recovery dynamics of rice root microbiomes

Santos‐Medellín¹,

Liechty²,

Edwards³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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As extreme droughts become more frequent, dissecting the responses of root-associated microbiomes to drying-wetting events is essential to understand their influence on plant performance. Here, we show that rhizosphere and endosphere communities associated with drought-stressed rice plants display compartment-specific recovery trends. Rhizosphere microorganisms were mostly affected during the stress period, whereas endosphere microorganisms remained altered even after irrigation was resumed. The duration of drought stress determined the stability of these changes, with more prolonged droughts leading to decreased microbiome resilience. Drought stress was also linked to a permanent delay in the temporal development of root microbiomes, mainly driven by a disruption of late colonization dynamics. Furthermore, a root-growth-promoting Streptomyces became the most abundant community member in the endosphere during drought and early recovery. Collectively, these results reveal that severe drought results in enduring impacts on root-associated microbiomes that could potentially reshape the recovery response of rice plants.

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“…Roots exude a substantial amount of photosynthetically fixed organic carbon into the soil consisting of a wide variety of compounds such as sugars, organic acids, and primary and secondary metabolites (Sasse et al, 2018;de la Fuente Cantó et al, 2020). Together with mucilage and border cells (which are mainly expelled from root tips), root exudates provide a major source of nutrients for the rhizosphere microbiome (Figure 1).…”

Section: Characterizing Root Exudatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Root exudation is regulated under genetic control (i.e., genotype, root type and developmental stage) (Canarini et al, 2019) as well as in response to environmental conditions in the soil such as nutrient limitations or increase in toxicity (van Dam and Bouwmeester, 2016). Exudate patterns are also recognized as one of the strongest drivers shaping the rhizosphere microbiome (Dessaux et al, 2016;Zhalnina et al, 2018b;de la Fuente Cantó et al, 2020). As a central player in the rhizosphere ecosystem, it is imperative to understand root exudation patterns to unravel subsequent impacts to the surrounding soil and microbial community.…”

Section: Characterizing Root Exudatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialized Plant Growth Chamber Designs to Study Complex Rhizosphere Interactions

Kim

Singh

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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The rhizosphere is a dynamic ecosystem shaped by complex interactions between plant roots, soil, microbial communities and other micro- and macro-fauna. Although studied for decades, critical gaps exist in the study of plant roots, the rhizosphere microbiome and the soil system surrounding roots, partly due to the challenges associated with measuring and parsing these spatiotemporal interactions in complex heterogeneous systems such as soil. To overcome the challenges associated with in situ study of rhizosphere interactions, specialized plant growth chamber systems have been developed that mimic the natural growth environment. This review discusses the currently available lab-based systems ranging from widely known rhizotrons to other emerging devices designed to allow continuous monitoring and non-destructive sampling of the rhizosphere ecosystems in real-time throughout the developmental stages of a plant. We categorize them based on the major rhizosphere processes it addresses and identify their unique challenges as well as advantages. We find that while some design elements are shared among different systems (e.g., size exclusion membranes), most of the systems are bespoke and speaks to the intricacies and specialization involved in unraveling the details of rhizosphere processes. We also discuss what we describe as the next generation of growth chamber employing the latest technology as well as the current barriers they face. We conclude with a perspective on the current knowledge gaps in the rhizosphere which can be filled by innovative chamber designs.

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An extended root phenotype: the rhizosphere, its formation and impacts on plant fitness

Cited by 180 publications

References 148 publications

Addressing Research Bottlenecks to Crop Productivity

Addressing Research Bottlenecks to Crop Productivity

Drought duration determines the recovery dynamics of rice root microbiomes

Specialized Plant Growth Chamber Designs to Study Complex Rhizosphere Interactions

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