An Extended Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Tobacco Price Increases in the Kyrgyz Republic

Postolovska, Iryna; Nguyen, Ha; Sargaldakova, Asel; Lavado, Roussel

doi:10.1596/29819

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Evidence shows that tobacco taxation policies play an important role in achieving significant health outcomes in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially among the poor, as well as help reduce poverty [44][45][46][47][48][49]. In 2012, Powell et al had shown that pricing tools could be considered and evaluated as potential policy tools to pursue health risk factors [50], which were consistent with the findings of the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Explaining specific taxes management and use in the health sector: a qualitative study

Kooshkebaghi

Emamgholipour

Dargahi

2022

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background and aim Being the major source of revenue and essential economic tool for policymakers to improve public health, taxes contribute to government spending on the development of health care facilities and services. Given the financial challenges facing the health sector together with the public health issues that affect each society, placing specific taxes on some goods, services, and activities can be effective in this regard. The study aims to explain the various dimensions of specific taxes in the health sector and management of these resources in order to achieve the health system goals. Materials and methods This study with a qualitative research design was conducted using semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions in 2020–2021. In total, 38 managers, policymakers, economists, key experts, and other individuals, as informants, were interviewed. Purposive and snowball with maximum variation was also employed. As well, content analysis was utilized to shed light on the data. The transcribed interviews were further imported into MAXQDA for extracting and classifying the relevant codes. Findings In this study, 5 main themes and 23 subthemes were labeled. The main themes accordingly included “Objectives and Conditions of Specific Health Taxes”, “Earmarked Taxes”, “Taxes on Goods and Measures of Harmful to Health”, “Value-Added Taxes”, and “Green Taxes”. Discussion and conclusion Considering the specific taxes in the health sector, i.e., taxes on goods and measures of harmful to health, value-added taxes, and green taxes, all taxation and pricing policies need to take account of the effects as well as the advantages and disadvantages of types of taxes, a country’s economic structure, the conditions of industries and manufacturing enterprises, cultural aspects in society, and peoples’ socioeconomic status.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Explaining specific taxes management and use in the health sector: a qualitative study

Kooshkebaghi

Emamgholipour

Dargahi

2022

BMC Health Serv Res

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“…Many countries have implemented plans to introduce taxes on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) and foods high in salt, fat, and sugar [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Also, tobacco taxation policies have been implemented to improve health in many countries [38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. In this regard, tobacco taxes have caused a 12% reduction in sales in Turkey between 2008 and 2012, and a 50% reduction in sales in France between 1990 and 2005 [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of taxation measures in the management of harmful products, services, and practices in Iran: a qualitative study

2022

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Background and aim Levying a tax on harmful products, services, and practices can affect consumer choices, effectively preventing diseases and reducing health care costs. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of taxation as a powerful financial tool in the management of harmful products, services, and practices to maintain and improve public health and preserve the financial sustainability of the health care system. Materials and methods This qualitative study was conducted in 2020–2021. In order to collect information for this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted. Using purposive and snowball sampling methods, 38 managers, policymakers, economists, and key experts were interviewed. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method. The transcribed interviews were further imported into MAXQDA for classification, and relevant codes were extracted. Findings In this study, 6 main themes and 19 subthemes were labeled. The main themes included 1) objectives, effects, and requirements of the taxation of harmful products, services, and practices, 2) definition, instances, elasticity, and grading of harmful products, services, and practices, 3) Problems in controlling harmful products, services, and practices, 4) controlling harmful products, services, and practices, 5) traffic violations and accidents, and social harms, and 6) tax revenue use and the share of health care. The effects of taxing harmful products include reduced access to these products, reduced demand for harmful products, and the promotion of public health. Conclusion Harmful products, services, and practices have major health and financial implications for individuals, families, and society. To improve public health, the demand for these products and services can be controlled through taxation measures to push consumers toward less harmful alternatives.

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Impact of cigarette tax increase on health and financing outcomes in four Indian states

Wu¹,

Sheel²,

Gupta³

et al. 2020

Gates Open Res

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Background: In India, about one million deaths occur every year due to smoking. Tobacco taxation is the most effective intervention in reducing smoking. In this paper, we examine the impact of a one-time large cigarette price increase, through an increase in excise tax, on health and financing outcomes in four Indian states. Methods: We used extended cost-effectiveness analysis to estimate, across income quintiles, the life-years gained, treatment cost averted, number of men avoiding catastrophic health expenditures and extreme poverty, additional tax revenue collected, and savings to the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) with a cigarette price increase to Indian Rupees (INR) 10 plus 10% ad valorem in four Indian states. Results: With the price increase, about 1.5 million men would quit smoking across the four states, with the bottom income group having 7.4 times as many quitters as the top income group (485,725 vs 65,762). As a result of quitting, about 665,000 deaths would be averted. This would yield about 11.9 million life-years, with the bottom income group gaining 7.3 times more than the top income group. Of the INR 1,729 crore in treatment cost averted, the bottom income group would avert 7.4 times more than the top income group. About 454,000 men would avoid catastrophic health expenditures and 75,000 men would avoid falling into extreme poverty. The treatment cost and impoverishment averted would save about INR 672 crore in AB-PMJAY. The tax increase would in turn, generate an additional tax revenue of about INR 4,385 crore. In contrast to the distribution of health benefits, the extra revenue generated from the top income group would be about 3.1 times that from the bottom income group. Conclusions: Cigarette tax increase can provide significant health and economic gains and is a pro-poor policy for India.

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An Extended Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Tobacco Price Increases in the Kyrgyz Republic

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Explaining specific taxes management and use in the health sector: a qualitative study

Explaining specific taxes management and use in the health sector: a qualitative study

The role of taxation measures in the management of harmful products, services, and practices in Iran: a qualitative study

Impact of cigarette tax increase on health and financing outcomes in four Indian states

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