An Extended −10 Promoter Alone Directs Transcription of theDpnII Operon ofStreptococcus pneumoniae

Sabelnikov, Alexander G; Greenberg, Bill; Lacks, Sanford A.

doi:10.1006/jmbi.1995.0366

Cited by 137 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In E. coli the EX 210 is generally associated with lack of an identifiable 235 element (Belyaeva et al, 1993;Chan & Busby, 1989;Keilty & Rosenberg, 1987). However, in this and other studies (Sabelnikov et al, 1995;Voskuil & Chambliss, 1998), the TG dinucleotide directly upstream of the 210 element was associated with highly conserved 210 and 235 elements. The expanded EX 210 motif observed in B. subtilis (TRTGN; Helmann, 1995;Voskuil & Chambliss, 2002) was not apparent in the species studied here.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Isolation and characterization of putative Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis promoters

Schoep

Gregg

2007

Microbiology

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Novel plasmids were constructed for the analysis of DNA fragments from the rumen bacterium Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis. Five previously unidentified promoters were characterized using a novel primer extension method to identify transcription start sites. The genes downstream of these promoters were not identified, and their activity in expression of genomic traits in wild-type P. ruminis remains putative. Comparison with promoters from this and closely related species revealed a consensus sequence resembling the binding motif for the RNA polymerase s 70 -like factor complex. Consensus "35 and "10 sequences within these elements were TTGACA and ATAATATA respectively, interspaced by 15-16 bp. The consensus for the "10 element was extended by one nucleotide upstream and downstream of the standard hexamer (indicated in bold). Promoter strengths were measured by reverse transcription quantitative PCR and bglucuronidase assays. No correlation was found between the composition and context of elements within P. ruminis promoters, and promoter strength. However, a mutation within the "35 element of one promoter revealed that transcriptional strength and choice of transcription start site were sensitive to this single nucleotide change. INTRODUCTIONDNA binding specificity of bacterial RNA polymerase and the rate of transcription are largely dictated by the sequence of the upstream (UP) element (Estrem et al., 1998), and 210 and 235 motifs, which are common to most bacteria. However, atypical aspects of transcription initiation are still being identified in prokaryotes (Bayley et al., 2000;Gaal et al., 2001;Weiner et al., 2000). Novel structural properties of DNA are also being reported, but their effects on gene expression remain unknown (Petersen et al., 2003;Vanet et al., 2000;Vogel et al., 2003).Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis (previously classified as Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens) is present in the rumen (Kopecny et al., 2003) and gastrointestinal tract of some animals. Butyrivibrio-like organisms may account for as much as 24-30 % of culturable bacteria from the rumen (Forster et al., 1996), although individual species may constitute much lower proportions of total bacterial numbers (Kobayashi et al., 2000). These bacteria are important for projects that aim to alter rumen function using genetically modified bacteria (Brooker et al., 1989;Gregg et al., 1987 Gregg et al., , 1994Gregg et al., , 1998Gregg & Sharpe, 1991;Mackie & White, 1990;Rogers, 1990;Smith & Hespell, 1983;Teather, 1985;Teather & Forster, 1998). Understanding their transcriptional regulation is essential for controlling the expression of foreign genes within the rumen. Molecular mechanisms governing transcription initiation in P. ruminis and closely related species remain poorly understood. To date, only four promoters have been studied using transcriptional analysis in their species of origin: the flaA and flaB promoters in P. ruminis OR77 (Beard et al., 2000), the Pseudobutyrivibrio sp. OB156 thl promoter (Asanuma et al., 2003), and the rep promoter in B. ...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Isolation and characterization of putative Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis promoters

Schoep

Gregg

2007

Microbiology

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“…This suggests that the -TGmotif is more strictly required for the binding of RNA polymerase in L. lactis. To date, similar extended -10 promoters have also been demonstrated to function in E. coil (Keilty and Rosenberg, 1987) and other Grampositive bacteria (Sabelnikov et al, 1995). In L. lactis, many promoters were found to feature the extended motifs (either T-TG-or -TG-) in front of -10, but the majority of them still retained the -35 sites (van de Guchte et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Cloning of a gene encoding nisin resistance from Lactococcus lactis subsp. Iactis M189 which is transcribed from an extended -10 promoter.

Liu

Harvey

Dunn

1997

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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A 56-kb plasmid was identified in Lactococcus lactic subsp. lactis (L. lactic) M189 which encodes resistance to nisin (NisR) following mobilization of the plasmid into L. lactis LM0230. The NisR determinant was localized on a 1.6-kb Hindlll fragment by DNA restriction fragment deletion and sub-cloning. An open reading frame (ORF) of 957 bases was identified by sequence analysis and its transcription start site was mapped by primer extension. The ORF is flanked by two regions which exhibit complete homology to parts of the inverted repeat sequences of IS981 and ISS1T. The promoter for transcription was found to consist of an extended -10 site (TgTGtTATAAT) that lacks a -35 site . Function of the extended -10 promoter was demonstrated by its ability to express the promoterless cat gene from Staphylococcus aureus. Base substitution analysis revealed that the TgTGt extension is essential for promoter efficiency in L. lactis.

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“…The region upstream of amyB contained sequences with high levels of identity to Gram-positive promoter elements. A sequence (5Ј-TTTGATAAAAT-3Ј) matching the extended Ϫ10 consensus (19,20) (5Ј-TNTGNTATAAT-3Ј) at 10 of 11 bases was found at 65 bases upstream of the predicted start codon. This region also contained a 7-bp inverted repeat (5Ј-CGCAAA-CGTTTGCG-3Ј) matching the CRE consensus (21) (5Ј-WGN-AASCGNWWNCA-3Ј) at 11 of 14 positions.…”

Section: Induction Of S Gordonii Amylase Activity During Growth With Vmentioning

confidence: 98%

Interspecies communication in Streptococcus gordonii–Veillonella atypica biofilms: Signaling in flow conditions requires juxtaposition

Egland

Palmer

Kolenbrander

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

239

199

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During the development of human oral biofilm communities, the spatial arrangement of the bacteria is thought to be driven by metabolic interactions between them. Streptococcus gordonii and Veillonella atypica, two early colonizing members of the dental plaque biofilm, have been postulated to participate in metabolic communication; S. gordonii ferments carbohydrates to form lactic acid, which is a preferred fermentation substrate for V. atypica. We found that, during agar-plate coculture of these organisms, a signaling event occurs that results in increased expression of the S. gordonii ␣-amylase-encoding gene amyB. Confocal scanning laser microscopy of coculture flowcell-grown biofilms using human saliva as the sole nutrient showed that V. atypica caused S. gordonii to increase expression of a PamyB-gfp transcriptional fusion in a spatially resolved fashion. In this open system, only those streptococci in mixed-species microcolonies containing V. atypica expressed GFP; nearby S. gordonii colonies that lacked V. atypica did not express GFP. In a closed system containing S. gordonii and V. atypica, flow cytometric analysis showed that S. gordonii containing the PamyB-gfp reporter plasmid exhibited mean fluorescence levels 20-fold higher than did S. gordonii that had not been incubated with V. atypica. Thus, in a closed system where a diffusible signal can accumulate above a required threshold, interspecies signaling mediates a change in gene expression. We provide evidence that, in open systems like those that predominate in natural biofilms, diffusible signals between species are designed to function over short distances, on the order of 1 m.bacterial communities ͉ interspecies cell-cell signaling ͉ oral bacteria

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An Extended −10 Promoter Alone Directs Transcription of theDpnII Operon ofStreptococcus pneumoniae

Cited by 137 publications

References 58 publications

Isolation and characterization of putative Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis promoters

Isolation and characterization of putative Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis promoters

Cloning of a gene encoding nisin resistance from Lactococcus lactis subsp. Iactis M189 which is transcribed from an extended -10 promoter.

Interspecies communication in Streptococcus gordonii–Veillonella atypica biofilms: Signaling in flow conditions requires juxtaposition

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