An Exploratory Study on Linguistic Gender Stereotypes and their Effects on Perception

Abstract

This study explores how stereotypical preconceptions about gender and conversational behaviour may affect observers’ perceptions of a speaker’s performance. Using updated matched-guise techniques, we digitally manipulated the same recording of a conversation to alter the voice quality of “Speaker A” to sound “male” or “female.” Respondents’ perceptions of the conversational behaviour of Speaker A in the two guises were then measured with particular focus on floor apportionment, interruptions and signalling interest. We also measured respondents’ explicit stereotypical gender preconceptions of these aspects. Results showed that respondents perceived the male guise as having more floor apportionment and interrupting more than the female guise. Results also indicated that the respondents had explicit stereotypes that matched these patterns, i.e. that interrupting and taking space were deemed to be stereotypically male behaviour, while signalling interest was deemed to be a female feature. The study suggests that stereotypical preconceptions about gender and conversational behaviour may skew perceptions of similar linguistic behaviour.

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“…Conversely, he argued that men are typically rated more highly on knowledge or expertise when people are asked to rate communicator performance (Cuddy et al, 2008; Kenton, 1989). Interestingly, this appears to be driven largely by different expectations or standards for male and female communicators (Aries, 1987; Holmes, 2006; Lindvall-Östling et al, 2020; Talbot, 2003). For example, Bradley (1981) found that women who argued without proper supporting evidence or who used rhetorical questions like “don’t you agree?” were rated more harshly on their intelligence than men who employed the same communication or rhetorical tactics, while Ladegaard (2011) showed that even when men and women used the same preferred communication management styles, female leaders were more often challenged or questioned than male leaders.…”

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