“…Moreover, EVs have drastically different qualities when compared with their internal combustion engine (ICE) counterparts, both in concept and in functionality (Gärling & Thøgersen, 2001). This frequently results in ineffective marketing and communication strategies and branding (Khraim, 2020), with "quantitative and qualitative research results confirm[ing] that consumers are [often] confused about [an] EVs nature and functional characteristics (Krause et al, 2013;Axsen et al, 2017 as cited by Khraim, 2020, pg. 14).…”