2020
DOI: 10.1007/s10664-019-09796-5
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An exploratory study of smart contracts in the Ethereum blockchain platform

Abstract: Ethereum is a blockchain platform that supports smart contracts. Smart contracts are pieces of code that perform general-purpose computations. For instance, smart contracts have been used to implement crowdfunding initiatives that raised a total of US$6.2 billion from January to June of 2018. In this paper, we conduct an exploratory study of smart contracts. Differently from prior studies that focused on particular aspects of a subset of smart contracts, our goal is to have a broader understanding of all contr… Show more

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Cited by 131 publications
(67 citation statements)
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References 13 publications
(17 reference statements)
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“…Until 2018, smart contracts in Ethereum are only used to develop simple tokencentric applications, e.g., ICOs and crowdsales. Eighty percents of the smart contracts use at most 211 instructions [101]. Smart contract code similarity reveals substantial code reuse, where less than 10% of user-created contracts are unique, and less than 1% of contract-created contracts are so [102].…”
Section: Other Collective Patternsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Until 2018, smart contracts in Ethereum are only used to develop simple tokencentric applications, e.g., ICOs and crowdsales. Eighty percents of the smart contracts use at most 211 instructions [101]. Smart contract code similarity reveals substantial code reuse, where less than 10% of user-created contracts are unique, and less than 1% of contract-created contracts are so [102].…”
Section: Other Collective Patternsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, contracts are three times more likely to be created by other contracts than they are by users [102]. As a result, 0.05% of the smart contracts are the target of 80% of the transactions [101], and that over 60% of contracts have never been interacted with [102]. Pinna et al [103] surveyed 10 000 smart contracts source codes and a dataset of meta-data from Etherscan.io.…”
Section: Other Collective Patternsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There are different types of blockchain platforms covering Hyper Ledger, Ethereum, and EOS for various application development types. 27,28 The blockchain platform is categorized as public, private, and consortium blockchain. Different features of the blockchain platform are as follows:…”
Section: Blockchain-based Systemmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Initially, it was used in the cryptocurrency system for recording transition, for example, Bitcoin. There are different types of blockchain platforms covering Hyper Ledger, Ethereum, and EOS for various application development types 27,28 . The blockchain platform is categorized as public, private, and consortium blockchain.…”
Section: Preliminariesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…CLS refers to the time, measured in days, between the contract's deployment and its last execution. Most smart contracts live between 2 and 800 days [16], and the average age of smart contracts is 295.6 days [28]. A contract can be short-lived, medium-lived, or longlived [28], [16].…”
Section: B Measurement Of Negative Consequences Of Design Vulnerability In Smart Contractsmentioning
confidence: 99%