An Exploratory Study of Myanmar Culture Using Hofstede's Value Dimensions

Rarick, Charles A.; Nickerson, Inge

doi:10.2139/ssrn.1114625

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In the context of an examination of the cultural differences of more than 50 countries, Hofstede reveals four different dimensions: power gap, collectivism vs. individualism, femininity vs. masculinity and risk avoidance. Myanmar was not part of the original Hofstede studies, which is why Rarick and Nickerson (2006) state that there is no empirical data on the cultural classification of the country. Their results, however, show that Myanmar's culture is characterized by a low power gap, high femininity, moderate individualism and a high degree of uncertainty with a moderate long-term orientation.…”

Section: Regulative Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Retail Market in Myanmar - An Institutional Perspective of Foreign Retailers’ Market Entry Decisions

Hardaker¹

2017

IBR

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In contrast to most of its Southeast Asian neighbors, Myanmar still lacks a vibrant retail landscape. Yet, given the political and economic opening-up of the country and the abolition of many sanctions since 2013, commercial interest in Myanmar is growing rapidly. While political and economic reforms sweep across the country, retailers are now eyeing-up the formerly reclusive nation for opportunities. Still, the question remains as to how optimistic the outlook of the Myanmar retailing industry really is? This paper explores and analyses the developments of Myanmar's retail sector to date. Within the decision making process, companies operate within an external and an internal environment that consist of political, cognitive and sociological elements. A company's behavior and decision making processes are affected by both environments. This study applies institutional theory as a complementary framework in order to evaluate international retailers' foreign market entry choices with special regard to Myanmar and evaluates the main factors influencing decisions for, or against market entry. It concludes by proposing institutional theory as complementary to, and not substitutive of, existing theories such as Dunning's eclectic theory or transaction cost analysis.

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Section: Regulative Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Retail Market in Myanmar - An Institutional Perspective of Foreign Retailers’ Market Entry Decisions

Hardaker¹

2017

IBR

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“…High Power Distance was identified as the predominant characteristic for the countries in this region (Hofstede, 1983;Hofstede, Hofstede & Hofstede, 2005). Societies with a high Power Distance Index tend to accept power inequalities, and in these societies people are inclined to depend on those who hold power and authority (Rarick & Nickerson, 2006).…”

Section: Decision Making Stylementioning

confidence: 99%