An exploratory study of chemical elements in drinking water and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Witmans, Manisha; McDuffie, Helen H.; Karunanayake, Chandima; Kerrich, Robert; Pahwa, Punam

doi:10.1080/02772240801937370

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The shallow wells were more prone to pesticides contamination. A study by Witmans et al ,[ 45 ] reported that water taken from homes of NHL cases contained a significantly higher concentration of 14 chemical elements and that some of these elements may be active ingredients in pesticides that have been associated with NHL. In our study, both men and women together who were exposed to pesticides-contaminated clothing at home before washing and who had pesticides-contaminated cloths washed with the regular family wash or in the same machine had a significantly increasing risk of NHL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-hodgkin′s lymphoma and work in agriculture: Results of a two case-control studies in Saskatchewan, Canada

Karunanayake

Dosman

Pahwa

2013

Indian J Occup Environ Med

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Objectives:The objective was to examine the association between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and farming-related activities, gender, pesticides exposure, and exposure to chemicals other than pesticides in Saskatchewan.Materials and Methods:Male and female study participants were taken from two separate case-control studies conducted in Saskatchewan province, Canada. A case was defined as any man or woman aged 19 years and older with a first diagnosis of NHL registered by the Saskatchewan Cancer Agency during the study period. Conditional logistic regression was used to fit the statistical models.Results:Farming exposure and exposure to pesticides-contaminated cloths were related to an increased risk of NHL. Exposure to pesticides was strongly associated with an increased risk of NHL, especially for men.Conclusion:For men, the incidence of NHL was associated with exposure to pesticides after adjusting for other independent predictors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-hodgkin′s lymphoma and work in agriculture: Results of a two case-control studies in Saskatchewan, Canada

Karunanayake

Dosman

Pahwa

2013

Indian J Occup Environ Med

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“…In a Saskatchewan, Canada, case–control study on non-Hodgkin lymphoma incidence, cases had higher uranium concentrations in their drinking water than controls ( Witmans et al 2008 ). Seiler (2004) , in a case–control study of 16 leukemia cases in Fallon, Nevada, found no significant differences in well uranium or radon concentration between cases and controls.…”

Section: Synopsis Of the Available Epidemiological Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Health Effects of Naturally Radioactive Water Ingestion: The Need for Enhanced Studies

Canu

Olivier

Pires

et al. 2011

Environ Health Perspect

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Background: Radiological pollution is a potentially important aspect of water quality. However, relatively few studies have been conducted to document its possible health effects.Objective: In this commentary we discuss available epidemiological findings and related data from experimental studies concerning the health effects of naturally radioactive water ingestion.Discussion: Despite modest epidemiological evidence of uranium nephrotoxicity and radium effects on bone, available data are not sufficient to quantify the health effects of naturally occurring radionuclides in water. Methodological limitations (exposure measurement methods, control for confounding, sample size) affect most studies. Power calculations should be conducted before launching new epidemiological studies focusing on late pathological outcomes. Studies based on biomarkers of exposure and adverse effects may be helpful but should involve more specific molecules than biomarkers used in previous studies. Experimental data on ingestion of drinking water are limited to uranium studies, and there is some disagreement between these studies about the nephrotoxicity threshold.Conclusion: Further experimental and enhanced epidemiological studies should help to reduce uncertainties resulting from dose estimation to dose–response characterization.

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“…[35,39] Other studies have demonstrated that drinking of uranium-contaminated water was associated with increased incidences of leukaemia in several counties in Florida, USA, [7] and with NHL in Canada. [8] Our study participants reported that most of the vegetables and animal products they consumed were purchased from stores, therefore without their knowing the location of the production sites, while lower proportions came from their yards (or neighbours' or relatives' yards). Vegetables, animals and fish may be contaminated by uranium through contaminated soil and water, and then consumed by the population.…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…supplies and leukaemia incidence, [7] and for uranium concentration in drinking water and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) incidence. [8] However, other studies did not find increased risks of haematological cancers associated with uranium, radium or radon exposure. [9][10][11][12] Populations living in the vicinity of mine tailings of the Witwatersrand goldfields in SA may be exposed to uranium and its decay products from the tailings through various pathways, including drinking of contaminated water, ingestion of foodstuffs grown in contaminated areas, and inhalation of dust.…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 94%

Prospective case-series analysis of haematological malignancies in goldmining areas in South Africa

et al. 2019

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South Africa (SA) has a long history of goldmining and milling, and it has been estimated that as an unwanted side product 100 000 tons of uranium were contained in mine tailing deposits in the two goldfields in the Witwatersrand basin. [1] Locally high levels of environmental contamination from uranium and its decay products, clearly linked to mining activity, have consequently been reported in water, soil, sediment and dust, reaching between 50 and 100 times the background levels. [1,2] This situation has raised concern about long-term health risks, including cancer, associated with chronic environmental uranium exposure. [1] Uranium is a natural and dense metal widespread in the environment and consists of three isotopes (234U, 325U and 238U) that emit alpha-and beta-radiation. [3] Uranium decay products include radium-226 and radon-222, which are also radioactive elements. In 2009, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified alpha-and beta-particle emitters as carcinogenic to humans (group 1), in particular radium-226, with sufficient evidence for bone sarcoma and carcinoma of the paranasal sinus and mastoid process, and radon-222, with sufficient evidence for lung cancer. [3,4] Associations between uranium and its decay products and risk of haematological cancers have been hypothesised, although evidence is inconclusive. [5] Positive associations have been observed for cumulative radon exposure and risk of leukaemia in cohorts of uranium miners, [3,6] for radium-226 concentration in groundwater This open-access article is distributed under Creative Commons licence CC-BY-NC 4.0.

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An exploratory study of chemical elements in drinking water and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Non-hodgkin′s lymphoma and work in agriculture: Results of a two case-control studies in Saskatchewan, Canada

Non-hodgkin′s lymphoma and work in agriculture: Results of a two case-control studies in Saskatchewan, Canada

Health Effects of Naturally Radioactive Water Ingestion: The Need for Enhanced Studies

Prospective case-series analysis of haematological malignancies in goldmining areas in South Africa

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