An Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Awareness of Fundamental Liberties among Students

Abstract

Malaysian citizens should be aware of their basic rights under the Federal Constitution known as 'fundamental liberties'. However, not many citizens are aware of their basic rights and research on the awareness of citizen's basic rights is sparse. Thus, this study intended to develop a measurement instrument which can later be used to analyse the factors that constitutes the awareness of fundamental liberties among students. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to find the factors that will be the measurement instrument in identifying the awareness of fundamental liberties among students. This research employed a quantitative research design where an online questionnaire responded by 455 university students was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24. A total of 3 factors consist of 17 items were extracted from the exploratory factor analysis. The results will be the measurement instrument for further analysis on the awareness of fundamental liberties among students.

Determinants for Awareness of basic Human Rights among University Students

“…This study employed a quantitative research design where the research framework as illustrated in Figure 1 was developed based on prior findings (Padil et al, 2021). An online survey was administered to university students to investigate the proposed research model.…”

“…A total of 455 students of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Malaysia responded to the questionnaire. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24 to explore the factors for each construct (Padil et al, 2021). The preliminary process in the EFA resulted in 24 cases removed being the outliers.…”

“…This study's conceptual framework is based on the literature review findings on the variables and categorisation of factors from the result of the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) (Padil et al, 2021). Figure 1 below illustrates this study's research framework.…”

“…Hence, this study is timely since a lack of knowledge and awareness of fundamental rights may contribute to the issues including violations of the Federal Constitution and misunderstanding of the law (Nudin et al, 2020). Thus, this study aims to explore the relationships between the determinants ("familiarity" and "restrictions") against the dependent variable of "awareness" which is based on prior findings in relation to human rights (Padil et al, 2021). This research is significant for policy-makers when drafting curriculums that inculcate education in human rights.…”