An Exploratory Evaluation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Inhibition in Planaria as a Model for Parkinsonism

Prokai, David; Nguyen, Thinh; Kamrowski, Kurt; Chandra, Ashwin; Talamantes, Tatjana; Baxter, Lewis R.; Prókai, László

doi:10.3390/ijms141223289

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In another study, bromocriptine, a drug used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease in humans, was added to the water of planarians at the 10 n m concentration and behavioral differences were observed. The movements were noted to slow down and C‐like hyperkinesia was observed . In our study, such anomalies were not observed in early times (between days 3 and 8).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 47%

“…The movements were noted to slow down and C-like hyperkinesia was observed. [38] In our study, such anomalies were not observed in early times (between days 3 and 8). The experimental group showed convulsion-like behavior upon light exposure on day 13, yet only in the tail pieces they regenerated a new brain.…”

Section: The Effects Of Free and Encapsulated Tq On Planarians As A Mcontrasting

confidence: 53%

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Fabrication of Thymoquinone‐Loaded Albumin Nanoparticles by Microfluidic Particle Synthesis and Their Effect on Planarian Regeneration

Kazan

Yeşil-Çeliktaş

Zhang

2019

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Thymoquinone is the main bioactive component of the plant Nigella sativa, which is commonly known as black seeds and has several therapeutic effects. However, clinical applications of thymoquinone are limited due to its hydrophobic nature. In this study, thymoquinone is encapsulated in albumin nanoparticles by using a microfluidic platform to overcome this limitation. The mean particle sizes of empty and thymoquinone‐loaded nanoparticles are determined as 271.3 and 315.6 nm, respectively, with polydispersity index values both lower than 0.25. In addition to particle size distribution measurements, characterizations of the prepared nanoparticles such as zeta potential measurements, in vitro release studies, as well as scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared, and differential scanning calorimetry analyses are also carried out. To determine the effect of thymoquinone on neural regeneration, planarians are used as the model organism. After application of free and encapsulated thymoquinone, planarians are amputated and the fragments are observed in terms of head and tail regeneration, swimming pattern, and behavior. The results indicate that thymoquinone affects their behavior and primarily enhances head regeneration of planarians. In addition, it is shown that encapsulation of thymoquinone not only enhances the thermal stability of the molecule but also decreases its toxicity.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 47%

Section: The Effects Of Free and Encapsulated Tq On Planarians As A Mcontrasting

confidence: 53%

Fabrication of Thymoquinone‐Loaded Albumin Nanoparticles by Microfluidic Particle Synthesis and Their Effect on Planarian Regeneration

Kazan

Yeşil-Çeliktaş

Zhang

2019

Macromolecular Bioscience

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“…Planarians prefer darkness and use photoreceptors to detect and react to light. As such, planarians are capable of maze learning and can develop a conditioned response to light that can be implemented in behavioral studies including those subject to drug modification [ 40 , 41 ]. Planarian motility assays have also been developed for studies examining substance addiction and withdrawal [ 42 – 53 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guarana Provides Additional Stimulation over Caffeine Alone in the Planarian Model

et al. 2015

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The stimulant effect of energy drinks is primarily attributed to the caffeine they contain. Many energy drinks also contain other ingredients that might enhance the tonic effects of these caffeinated beverages. One of these additives is guarana. Guarana is a climbing plant native to the Amazon whose seeds contain approximately four times the amount of caffeine found in coffee beans. The mix of other natural chemicals contained in guarana seeds is thought to heighten the stimulant effects of guarana over caffeine alone. Yet, despite the growing use of guarana as an additive in energy drinks, and a burgeoning market for it as a nutritional supplement, the science examining guarana and how it affects other dietary ingredients is lacking. To appreciate the stimulant effects of guarana and other natural products, a straightforward model to investigate their physiological properties is needed. The planarian provides such a system. The locomotor activity and convulsive response of planarians with substance exposure has been shown to provide an excellent system to measure the effects of drug stimulation, addiction and withdrawal. To gauge the stimulant effects of guarana we studied how it altered the locomotor activity of the planarian species Dugesia tigrina. We report evidence that guarana seeds provide additional stimulation over caffeine alone, and document the changes to this stimulation in the context of both caffeine and glucose.

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“…In This review we attempted to show some important aspects of planarian characteristics make this animal an extraordinary model for regenerative medicine researches. On the other hand a variety of genes and signaling molecules conserved between this animals and higher vertebrates as well as human makes this animal a good model for study about diseases as well as Parkinson ( 33 ) and may provide new ideas for handling mouse and human ES cells for therapeutic use in the near future ( 34 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planarians: an In Vivo Model for Regenerative Medicine

Karami

Tebyanian

Goodarzi

et al. 2015

IJSC

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The emergence of regenerative medicine has raised the hope of treating an extraordinary range of disease and serious injuries. Understanding the processes of cell proliferation, differentiation and pattern formation in regenerative organisms could help find ways to enhance the poor regenerative abilities shown by many other animals, including humans. Recently, planarians have emerged as an attractive model in which to study regeneration. These animals are considering as in vivo plate, during which we can study the behavior and characristics of stem cells in their own niche. A variety of characteristic such as: simplicity, easy to manipulate experimentally, the existence of more than 100 years of literature, makes these animals an extraordinary model for regenerative medicine researches. Among planarians free-living freshwater hermaphrodite Schmidtea mediterranea has emerged as a suitable model system because it displays robust regenerative properties and, unlike most other planarians, it is a stable diploid with a genome size of about 4.8×108 base pairs, nearly half that of other common planarians. Planarian regeneration involves two highly flexible systems: pluripotent neoblasts that can generate any new cell type and muscle cells that provide positional instructions for the regeneration of anybody region. neoblasts represent roughly 25~30 percent of all planarian cells and are scattered broadly through the parenchyma, being absent only from the animal head tips and the pharynx. Two models for neo-blast specification have been proposed; the naive model posits that all neoblasts are stem cells with the same potential and are a largely homogeneous population.

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An Exploratory Evaluation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Inhibition in Planaria as a Model for Parkinsonism

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Fabrication of Thymoquinone‐Loaded Albumin Nanoparticles by Microfluidic Particle Synthesis and Their Effect on Planarian Regeneration

Fabrication of Thymoquinone‐Loaded Albumin Nanoparticles by Microfluidic Particle Synthesis and Their Effect on Planarian Regeneration

Guarana Provides Additional Stimulation over Caffeine Alone in the Planarian Model

Planarians: an In Vivo Model for Regenerative Medicine

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