An Explorative Note on Apraxia Tests

Gulde, Philipp; Leippold, Katharina; Armstrong, Alan; Kohl, Sarah; Grimmer, Timo; Diehl‐Schmid, Janine; Hermsdörfer, Joachim

doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00660

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Despite identifying significant neural clusters for action semantics and action sequencing, we failed to identify neural correlates for posture selection. Previous studies using similar techniques in apraxia to identify components of motor deficits have either been applied on a small sample of patients (e.g., praxis tasks in Alzheimer's disease in Gulde et al 2018) or have compared apraxia with another cognitive deficit such as spatial inattention (Timpert et al 2015). It is important for future research to replicate and extend the results reported in this study by investigating larger samples of patients.…”

Section: The Neural Correlates Of Deficits Underlying Limb Apraxiamentioning

confidence: 85%

Characterising factors underlying praxis deficits in chronic left hemisphere stroke patients

Rounis

Halai

Pizzamiglio

et al. 2021

Cortex

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Limb apraxia, a disorder of skilled action not consequent on primary motor or sensory deficits, has traditionally been defined according to errors patients make on neuropsychological tasks. Previous models of the disorder have failed to provide a unified account of patients' deficits, due to heterogeneity in the patients and tasks used. In this study we implemented principal component analysis (PCA) to elucidate core factors of the disorder in a cohort of 41 unselected left hemisphere chronic stroke patients who were tested on a comprehensive and validated apraxia screen. Three principal components were identified: posture selection, semantic control and multi-demand sequencing. These were submitted to a lesion symptom mapping (VBCM) analysis in a subset of 24 patients, controlled for lesion volume, age and time post-stroke. Although the first component revealed no significant structural correlates, the second and third components were related to regions in the 'ventro-dorsal' and 'ventral' and 'dorsal' pathways, respectively. These results challenge the previously reported distinction between ideomotor and ideational deficits and highlight a significant role of common cognitive functions in the disorder, which include action selection, semantic retrieval, sequencing and response inhibition. Further research using this technique would help elucidate the cognitive processes underlying limb apraxia and their relationship with other cognitive disorders.

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Section: The Neural Correlates Of Deficits Underlying Limb Apraxiamentioning

confidence: 85%

Characterising factors underlying praxis deficits in chronic left hemisphere stroke patients

Rounis

Halai

Pizzamiglio

et al. 2021

Cortex

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A wide range of methodologies to assess upper limb sensorimotor impairments exists, ranging from simple measures like grip strength, 10 functional tests like the Fugl-Meyer assessment, 11 kinematic analyses of simple reaching movements 12 to kinematics in activities of daily living. 13,14 Noteworthy, aging, comorbidities, and generally low levels of sensorimotor and/or physical capacity are influencing such assessments 15,16 and at the same time are risk factors for stroke, leading to a general bias in stroke samples. 17 Following, it can be hard to disentangle to what degree reduced function stems from stroke.…”

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confidence: 99%

Outside the Laboratory Assessment of Upper Limb Laterality in Patients With Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study

Gulde,

Vojta,

Schmidle

et al. 2024

Stroke

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BACKGROUND: The rehabilitation of upper limb sensorimotor performance after stroke requires the assessment of daily use, the identification of key levels of impairment, and monitoring the course of recovery. It needs to be answered, how laboratory-based assessments and everyday behavior are connected, which dimension of metrics, that is, volume, intensity, or quality, is most sensitive to reduced function, and what sensor, that is, gyroscope or accelerometer, is best suited to gather such data. METHODS: Performance in laboratory-based sensorimotor tests, as well as smartwatch-derived kinematic data of everyday life relative upper limb activity, during 1 day of inpatient neurorehabilitation (Germany, 2022) of 50 patients with stroke, was cross-sectionally assessed and resulting laterality indices (performance ratios) between the limbs were analyzed using ANCOVAs and principal component analysis. RESULTS: Laboratory-based tests revealed the strongest laterality indices, followed by smartwatch-based (intensity>quality>volume) metrics. Angular velocity-based metrics revealed higher laterality indices than acceleration-based ones. Laterality indices were overall well associated; however, a principal component analysis suggested upper limb impairments to be unidimensional. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the use of sensors can deliver valid information of stroke-related laterality. It appeared that commonly used metrics that estimate the volume of use (ie, energy expenditure) are not the most sensitive. Especially reached intensities could be well used for monitoring, because they are more dependent on the performance of the sensorimotor system and less on confounders like age. The unidimensionality of the upper limb laterality suggests that an impaired limb with reduced movement quality and the inability to reach higher intensities will be used less in everyday life, especially when it is the nondominant side.

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Investigating the associations between upper limb motor function and cognitive impairment: a scoping review

2023

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Upper limb motor function is a potential new biomarker of cognitive impairment and may aid discrimination from healthy ageing. However, it remains unclear which assessments to use. This study aimed to explore what methods have been used and to describe associations between upper limb function and cognitive impairment. A scoping review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science. A systematic search was undertaken, including synonyms for key concepts ‘upper limb’, ‘motor function’ and ‘cognitive impairment’. Selection criteria included tests of upper limb motor function and impaired cognition in adults. Analysis was by narrative synthesis. Sixty papers published between 1998 and 2022, comprising 41,800 participants, were included. The most common assessment tasks were finger tapping, Purdue Pegboard Test and functional tasks such as writing. Protocols were diverse in terms of equipment used and recording duration. Most participants were recruited from clinical settings. Alzheimer’s Disease was the most common cause of cognitive impairment. Results were mixed but, generally, slower speed, more errors, and greater variability in upper limb movement variables was associated with cognitive impairment. This review maps the upper limb motor function assessments used and summarises the available evidence on how these associate with cognitive impairment. It identifies research gaps and may help guide protocols for future research. There is potential for upper limb motor function to be used in assessments of cognitive impairment.

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An Explorative Note on Apraxia Tests

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Characterising factors underlying praxis deficits in chronic left hemisphere stroke patients

Characterising factors underlying praxis deficits in chronic left hemisphere stroke patients

Outside the Laboratory Assessment of Upper Limb Laterality in Patients With Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study

Investigating the associations between upper limb motor function and cognitive impairment: a scoping review

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