An Exploration of Using Virtual Reality to Assess the Sensory Abnormalities in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Assessment of the Autism Spectrum Disorder Based on Machine Learning and Social Visual Attention: A Systematic Review

“…ML has demonstrated its promising power for the objective ASD assessment on several measures, reporting classification accuracies between 60 and 98% (Wolfers et al, 2019). Some instances of measures used in the ASD assessment based on ML are EM analysis (e.g., Jiang & Zhao, 2017;Liu et al, 2016), body movements (e.g., Wu et al, 2018), and sensory processing (e.g., Alcañiz Koirala et al, 2019). Regarding EM analysis, SVM classification on EM in a SI-based face recognition task provided an accuracy of 88.51% in the discrimination of children with ASD, with sensitivity of 93.10%, specificity of 86.21% and AUC of 0.8963 (Liu et al, 2016).…”

Attention-Based Applications in Extended Reality to Support Autistic Users: A Systematic Review

“…Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule [53] (ADOS) (12) [61], [62], [71], [72], [63]- [70] Social Responsiveness Scale [54] (SRS) (11) [54], [62], [77], [63], [64], [67], [71], [73]- [76] Social Communication Questionnaire [55] (SCQ) (9)…”

“…[45]- [48], [70], [71], [73], [80] Interact with objects (n = 13) [8], [39], [43], [46], [48], [49], [63], [76], [78], [81], [87], [93], [94] Imitation (n = 3) [78], [85], [101] Contextual familiarisation (n = 2) [87], [91] Interact with avatar or other (n = 15) [41], [46]- [48], [51], [62], [64], [66], [70]- [72], [75], [77], [78], [95], [98] Other (n = 8) Passive (just attend to a scene) [60], [90], [96], [102] avoid distraction: [99] Driving: [68], [92] Respond to audio: [88] Choose preferred stimuli: [74] Stroop: [67] Recognition/identification (n = 7) Objects [79],…”

“…Participants used hand gestures to sort colored balls into corresponding boxes (e.g., [49], [79]) or pair matching items (e.g., words and definitions [103], objects [82]). Two other studies also required participants to move an object along a path using their hand [43] or a haptic arm [72].…”

“…When presented with non-social distractions, two studies found that autistic participants were less resistant to distractions than the NT control group based on tracked eyeand head-movements [66], [72]. However, some autistic participants were still able to perform similarly to NT participants [72]. In contrast, others performed significantly more poorly, despite having achieved similar scores to NT groups with traditional modalities (e.g., pen-and-paper) [66].…”