An exploration of the relationship between foot skin temperature and blood          flow in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a cross-sectional study

Chatchawan, Uraiwan; Narkto, Patsakorn; Damri, Tanchanok; Yamauchi, Junichiro

doi:10.1589/jpts.30.1359

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The increase in plantar temperatures in group 3 (diabetics with PN) with respect to control was found to be similar to some studies [16][17][18].Explanation about increased temperature is due to peripheral neurological dysfunction caused by permanent vasodilatation produced by vasoconstriction deficiency of autonomic motor response [19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Predictive diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy and foot deformity in diabetics using plantar thermographic imaging

Alonso¹,

J²,

Benites-Castillo³

2020

Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Predictive diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy and foot deformity in diabetics using plantar thermographic imaging

Alonso¹,

J²,

Benites-Castillo³

2020

Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography

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“…Except for the sacrum after 2 hours, there was a nearly perfect reliability for skin temperature measurements, which is also supported by previous research 29 . Using different infrared thermal imaging systems Liu et al reported an ICC of 0.82 for back skin 37 and Chatchawan et al reported ICCs for foot skin temperatures higher than 0.9 38 . This indicates that skin temperature measurements using infrared methods are reliable.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“… 29 Using different infrared thermal imaging systems Liu et al reported an ICC of 0.82 for back skin 37 and Chatchawan et al reported ICCs for foot skin temperatures higher than 0.9. 38 This indicates that skin temperature measurements using infrared methods are reliable. Limits of agreement and the SEM also indicate small absolute measurement errors not exceeding 1°C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Reliability and agreement of instrumental skin barrier measurements in clinical pressure ulcer prevention research

Kottner

Blume-Peytavi

2021

International Wound Journal

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In skin and wound research the instrumental measurement of skin function is established. Despite the widespread use, empirical evidence about measurement errors is widely lacking. The aim of this study was to measure reliability and agreement of skin temperature, transepidermal water loss, epidermal hydration, and erythema at the heel and sacral skin. Four experienced researchers performed skin measurements in 15 subjects. Lowest reliability was observed for transepidermal water loss at the sacral skin (ICC (1) 0.46 (95% CI 0.00‐0.78)) and highest for skin temperature at the heel skin (ICC (1) 0.99 (95% CI 0.99‐1.00)). Lowest Standard Errors of Measurement were calculated for skin temperature measurements at the heels (0.11°C) and highest for erythema measurements at the sacral skin (26.7 arbitrary units). There was a clear association between variability of estimates and reliability coefficients. Single measurements of skin temperature, stratum corneum, and epidermal hydration at the sacral and heel skin areas can be used in clinical research and practice. Means of at least two measurements should be used for estimating transepidermal water loss and erythema. Evidence is needed to inform researchers about relative and absolute measurement errors of commonly applied instruments and measurements in skin and wound research.

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“…Blood flow mechanics have also been proposed to play a role in skin thermoregulation ( Chatchawan et al, 2018 ; Walloe, 2016 ). The foot is primarily innervated by the posterior tibial artery which transverses the medial foot arch area ( Sun, Jao & Cheng, 2005 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between foot thermal responses and shear forces during turning gait in young adults

Gonzalez

Gutierrez

Kern

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background The human foot typically changes temperature between pre and post-locomotion activities. However, the mechanisms responsible for temperature changes within the foot are currently unclear. Prior studies indicate that shear forces may increase foot temperature during locomotion. Here, we examined the shear-temperature relationship using turning gait with varying radii to manipulate magnitudes of shear onto the foot. Methods Healthy adult participants (N = 18) walked barefoot on their toes for 5 minutes at a speed of 1.0 m s−1 at three different radii (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 m). Toe-walking was utilized so that a standard force plate could measure shear localized to the forefoot. A thermal imaging camera was used to quantify the temperature changes from pre to post toe-walking (ΔT), including the entire foot and forefoot regions on the external limb (limb farther from the center of the curved path) and internal limb. Results We found that shear impulse was positively associated with ΔT within the entire foot (P < 0.001) and forefoot (P < 0.001): specifically, for every unit increase in shear, the temperature of the entire foot and forefoot increased by 0.11 and 0.17 °C, respectively. While ΔT, on average, decreased following the toe-walking trials (i.e., became colder), a significant change in ΔT was observed between radii conditions and between external versus internal limbs. In particular, ΔT was greater (i.e., less negative) when walking at smaller radii (P < 0.01) and was greater on the external limb (P < 0.01) in both the entire foot and forefoot regions, which were likely explained by greater shear forces with smaller radii (P < 0.0001) and on the external limb (P < 0.0001). Altogether, our results support the relationship between shear and foot temperature responses. These findings may motivate studying turning gait in the future to quantify the relationship between shear and foot temperature in individuals who are susceptible to abnormal thermoregulation.

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An exploration of the relationship between foot skin temperature and blood flow in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Predictive diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy and foot deformity in diabetics using plantar thermographic imaging

Predictive diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy and foot deformity in diabetics using plantar thermographic imaging

Reliability and agreement of instrumental skin barrier measurements in clinical pressure ulcer prevention research

Association between foot thermal responses and shear forces during turning gait in young adults

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