An exploration of heart rate response to differing music rhythm and tempos

Silva, Ariany Garcia da; Guida, Heraldo Lorena; Antonio, Ana Marcia; Marcomini, Renata Sperancin; Fontes, Alexandra; Abreu, Luíz Carlos de; Roque, Adriano L.; Silva, Sidney B.; Raimundo, Rodrigo Daminello; Ferreira, Celso; Valenti, Vítor Engrácia

doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2013.09.004

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For example, Iwanaga et al (2005) examined the effect of repetitive exposure to sedative and excitative music on HRV. This study revealed a decrease of cardiac vagal regulation during excitative music; in contrast, another study (Da Silva et al 2014) concluded that music with different tempos (no music, classical baroque and heavy metal music) did not influence the cardiac autonomic regulation indexed by HRV.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

The Impact of Sound Exposure on Heart Rate Variability in Adolescent Students

Veternik

Tonhajzerová²,

Misek³

et al. 2018

Physiol Res

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Previous studies of physiological responses to music and noise showed the effect on the autonomic nervous system. The heart rate variability (HRV) has been used to assess the activation of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems. The present study was aimed to examine HRV with exposure to four sine-wave pure tones (20 Hz, 50 Hz, 2 kHz and 15 kHz) in an environment where the sound intensity exceeded level 65 dB (A-weighted). The participants (20 adolescent girls) were lying in supine position during exposure protocol divided into 6 periods, the first time with generated sounds and the second time without sounds. In the protocol without sound exposure, the low frequency band of the HRV spectrum was increased compared to the basal state before examination (period_1: 6.05±0.29 ms2 compared to period_5: 6.56±0.20 ms2, p<0.05). The significant increase of root Mean Square of the Successive Differences (rMSSD, period_1: 4.09±0.16 s compared to period_6: 4.33±0.12 s, p<0.05) and prolongation of R to R peak (RR) interval (period_1: 889±30 ms compared to period_5: 973±30 ms, p<0.001) were observed in the protocol without sound exposure comparing to the protocol with sound exposure where only bradycardia was observed. Contrary to rather polemical data in literature our pilot study suggests that sounds (under given frequencies) have no impact on the heart rate variability and cardiac autonomic regulation.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

The Impact of Sound Exposure on Heart Rate Variability in Adolescent Students

Veternik

Tonhajzerová²,

Misek³

et al. 2018

Physiol Res

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“…Previous studies from our group observed that musical auditory stimulation with a specific baroque musical piece (Pachelbel-Canon in D) acutely reduced HRV 6,7 . Other studies from our group did not report significant effects of the same musical piece 8,9 . However, this was found in subjects who had no affinity for that musical piece.…”

Section: B Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Cardiac autonomic responses induced by auditory stimulation with music is influenced by affinity

et al. 2014

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INTRODUCTION: We aimed to evaluate the effects of musical auditory stimulation on cardiac autonomic regulation in subjects who enjoy and who do not enjoy the music. METHOD: The study was performed in young women (18-27 years old) divided in two groups (1) volunteers who enjoyed the music and (2) volunteers who did not enjoy the music. Linear indices of heart rate variability were analyzed in the time domain. The subjects were exposed to a musical piece (Pachelbel: Canon in D Major) during 10 minutes. Heart rate variability was analyzed at rest with no music and during musical auditory stimulation. RESULTS: In the group that enjoyed the music the standard deviation of normal-to-normal R-R intervals (SDNN) was significantly reduced during exposure to musical auditory stimulation. We found no significant changes for the other linear indices. The group composed of women who did not enjoy the music did not present significant cardiac autonomic responses during exposure to musical auditory stimulation. CONCLUSION: Women who enjoyed the music presented a significant cardiac autonomic response consisting of a reduction in heart rate variability induced by the musical auditory stimulation. Those who did not enjoy the musical piece presented no such response.

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“…However, in their critical review, Koelsch and Jäncke (2015) pointed out that there are inconsistent effects of music on the HR, mainly due to the heterogeneous methods used in the reported studies. Nevertheless, the tempo of the music seems to have the most consistent effect on the HR (Bernardi et al, 2006; da Silva et al, 2014). Previous research also gave evidence for listeners’ preference of music with various tempi, depending on their level of physiological arousal: during everyday routines, music with a tempo near to the normal HR (70–100 bpm) is preferred (Iwanaga, 1995a, 1995b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of a rhythmic pulse on the heart rate: Little evidence for rhythmical ‘entrainment’ and ‘synchronization’

2018

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In this study, we investigate the influence of musical tempo on the heart rate. Previous studies showed ambiguous results. Two effects are considered: first, an adaption of the heart rate frequency to the tempo of a musical stimulus (‘entrainment’) and second, the phase synchronization between the stimulus-onset and the R-waves in the ECG (‘synchronization’). A regulatory feedback loop was programmed, which constantly measured the actual heart rate. A simple Djembé-beat was used as a musical stimulus and coupled to the actual heart rate in real-time. To test for ‘entrainment’ effects, we adapted the tempo of the stimulus in real-time to the actual heart rate by increasing the rate 25%, 40% or 55% over the baseline tempo. To test for ‘synchronization’ effects, we presented the stimulus in a constant tempo, tracking the actual heart rate of the test person. Based on circular statistics, results showed no evidence for ‘entrainment’ or ‘synchronization’ effects of the stimulus on the heart rate. Overall, reactions to the trigger pulse were characterized by a high degree of interindividual differences. Thus, we conclude that there is no direct and simple correlation between the musical tempo and the HR contrary to what is often suggested in everyday psychology.

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An exploration of heart rate response to differing music rhythm and tempos

Cited by 24 publications

References 32 publications

The Impact of Sound Exposure on Heart Rate Variability in Adolescent Students

The Impact of Sound Exposure on Heart Rate Variability in Adolescent Students

Cardiac autonomic responses induced by auditory stimulation with music is influenced by affinity

The effect of a rhythmic pulse on the heart rate: Little evidence for rhythmical ‘entrainment’ and ‘synchronization’

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