An Explanation of the Inhibition of Root Growth Caused by Indole-3-Acetic Acid

Chadwick, Arthur V.; Burg, Stanley P.

doi:10.1104/pp.42.3.415

Cited by 187 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…We have presented evidence (18) that auxinmediated ethylene production accounts for the inhibition in pea roots, just as it does in pea buds (16) and etiolated pea stems (11). This paper presents additional data supporting the idea that ethylene is the normal intermediate in auxin-mediated root growth inhibition, both in intact plants and in excised root sections, and also that the gas plays a role in root geotropism.…”

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confidence: 52%

Regulation of Root Growth by Auxin-Ethylene Interaction

1970

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A large portion of indoleacetic acid (IAA)-induced inhibition of excised root tips and virtually all such inhibition of intact roots are the result of IAA-dependent ethylene production. Under certain conditions an additional effect of IAA accounts for a small portion of the inhibition of excised root tips. Ethylene production in response to applied IAA is governed by the level of applied auxin found inside the root. Evidence is presented to confirm the participation of ethylene in the geotropic response of roots.Application of IAA to roots invariably causes an inhibition of elongation (3). We have presented evidence (18) that auxinmediated ethylene production accounts for the inhibition in pea roots, just as it does in pea buds (16) and etiolated pea stems (11). This paper presents additional data supporting the idea that ethylene is the normal intermediate in auxin-mediated root growth inhibition, both in intact plants and in excised root sections, and also that the gas plays a role in root geotropism. MATERIALS AND METHODSSeeds of Pisum sativum (var. Alaska) were germinated as previously described (18), and all manipulations subsequent to planting were carried out in dim green light to avoid phototrophic and photomorphogenic involvement.Studies on Tissue Sections. When the roots were 2 to 3 cm long, usually 48 hr after planting, apical 5-mm segments were removed with a two-bladed cutter. Ten of these apices and 2, 5, or 10 ml of medium containing 2% sucrose (w/v), 5 J.M CoC12, 5 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), and an appropriate concentration of IAA were sealed in a 125-ml Erlenmeyer flask by means of a vaccine cap and gently shaken (68 cpm through a 4-cm stroke) in the dark for a predetermined number of hours. In a few cases when very small amounts of evolved ethylene had to be measured, 25-or 50-ml micro-Fernbach flasks were used. At the end of an incubation the ethylene production was determined by gas chromatography (11) immersed in a solution containing an appropriate concentration of IAA for 3 to 5 min, drained briefly, and placed in a 6-liter desiccator in the presence or absence of applied ethylene. The initial length and weight of the radicals were determined from a sample taken before immersion treatment, and final values after 9 or 18 hr. Ethylene production was measured under similar conditions using tissue grown in 300-ml glass bell jars filled with moist vermiculite and treated with IAA by the technique described above. Geotropic Studies. Presoaked seeds were planted in moist vermiculite in plastic bins (25 x 6 x 6 cm) and allowed to germinate. When the roots had attained a length of about 2.5 cm, the bins were covered with perforated plastic tops and sealed in 6-liter desiccators, the roots remaining vertical throughout. The pressure in each desiccator was reduced to about 380 mm Hg with a water aspirator, an appropriate amount of CO2 or C2H4 was injected, and then air was admitted until atmospheric pressure was again attained. After a 10-min equilibration period the desiccators ...

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confidence: 52%

Regulation of Root Growth by Auxin-Ethylene Interaction

1970

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“…The high levels of PLDa transcripts as compared to no-worm controls suggested that such stress occurred since this gene is responsive to wounding in Arabidopsis (Wang, 2002). However, the lack of root expansion could be a result of the earthworm-induced enhanced auxin supply at the root level, since it is acknowledged that root tissues are sink organs for auxin and rapidly stop elongating when exposed to increasing concentrations of the hormone (Chadwick and Burg, 1966). RT-PCR analysis of (a and b) HBT, (a and c) Cu/Zn SOD, (a and d) PLDa and (a and e) ICK1 gene expression in the leaves and roots of Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown in rich (R) or poor (S) soil with (black bars) or without (control; white bars) earthworms Aporrectodea caliginosa.…”

Section: Is Fs Sw Spmentioning

confidence: 96%

Earthworms influence the production of above- and belowground biomass and the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

Jana

Barot

Blouin

et al. 2010

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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“…However, reduced auxin transport might not be the single reason for the complete lack of lateral roots in the mutant rum1. Exogenously applied auxin inhibits primary root elongation at increasing auxin concentrations and induces lateral roots (Chadwick and Burg, 1967;Hetz, 1996;Inukai et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2005). While the primary root of the mutant rum1 exhibited a normal response to exogenously applied auxin, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, Characterization, and Pericycle-Specific Transcriptome Analyses of the Novel Maize Lateral and Seminal Root Initiation Mutant rum1

Woll

Borsuk²,

Stransky³

et al. 2005

Plant Physiology

179

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The monogenic recessive maize (Zea mays) mutant rootless with undetectable meristems 1 (rum1) is deficient in the initiation of the embryonic seminal roots and the postembryonic lateral roots at the primary root. Lateral root initiation at the shoot-borne roots and development of the aerial parts of the mutant rum1 are not affected. The mutant rum1 displays severely reduced auxin transport in the primary root and a delayed gravitropic response. Exogenously applied auxin does not induce lateral roots in the primary root of rum1. Lateral roots are initiated in a specific cell type, the pericycle. Cell-type-specific transcriptome profiling of the primary root pericycle 64 h after germination, thus before lateral root initiation, via a combination of laser capture microdissection and subsequent microarray analyses of 12k maize microarray chips revealed 90 genes preferentially expressed in the wild-type pericycle and 73 genes preferentially expressed in the rum1 pericycle (fold change .2; P-value ,0.01; estimated false discovery rate of 13.8%). Among the 51 annotated genes predominately expressed in the wild-type pericycle, 19 genes are involved in signal transduction, transcription, and the cell cycle. This analysis defines an array of genes that is active before lateral root initiation and will contribute to the identification of checkpoints involved in lateral root formation downstream of rum1.

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An Explanation of the Inhibition of Root Growth Caused by Indole-3-Acetic Acid

Cited by 187 publications

References 12 publications

Regulation of Root Growth by Auxin-Ethylene Interaction

Regulation of Root Growth by Auxin-Ethylene Interaction

Earthworms influence the production of above- and belowground biomass and the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

Isolation, Characterization, and Pericycle-Specific Transcriptome Analyses of the Novel Maize Lateral and Seminal Root Initiation Mutant rum1

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