An expert opinion assessment of blood‐feeding arthropods based on their capacity to transmit African swine fever virus in Metropolitan France

Saegerman, Claude; Bonnet, Sarah; Bouhsira, Émilie; Regge, Nick De; Fite, Johanna; Etoré, Florence; Garigliany, Mutien-Marie; Jori, Ferrán; Lempereur, Laetitia; Potier, Marie‐Frédérique Le; Quillery, Elsa; Vergne, Timothée; Vial, Laurence

doi:10.1111/tbed.13769

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Ribeiro et al [83] showed that Ornithodoros erraticus sensu stricto ticks can become competent vectors when feeding on highly viremic pigs and on pigs with lower virus titres (i.e., animals with sub-acute and or chronic infection forms) [83]. Biting flies, such as Stomoxys calcitrans, may play a role in the spread of ASFV through their feeding cycle (via bites) [84,85] or by oral ingestion of infected flies [86,87]. ASFV was transmitted to susceptible pigs by S. calcitrans infected one hour and 24 h before, and the virus survived in those flies for at least two days without apparent loss of titre [84].…”

Section: Ticks and Other Blood Feeding Arthropodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Risk Factors of African Swine Fever Incursion in Pig Farming within the European Union Scenario

et al. 2021

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African swine fever (ASF) is a notifiable viral disease of pigs and wild boars that could lead to serious economic losses for the entire European pork industry. As no effective treatment or vaccination is available, disease prevention and control rely on strictly enforced biosecurity measures tailored to the specific risk factors of ASF introduction within domestic pig populations. Here, we present a review addressing the risk factors associated with different European pig farming systems in the context of the actual epidemiological scenario. A list of keywords was combined into a Boolean query, “African swine fever” AND (“Risk factors” OR “Transmission” OR “Spread” OR “Pig farming” OR “Pigs” OR “Wild boars”); was run on 4 databases; and resulted in 52 documents of interest being reviewed. Based on our review, each farming system has its own peculiar risk factors: commercial farms, where best practices are already in place, may suffer from unintentional breaches in biosecurity, while backyard and outdoor farms may suffer from poor ASF awareness, sociocultural factors, and contact with wild boars. In the literature selected for our review, human-related activities and behaviours are presented as the main risks, but we also stress the need to implement biosecurity measures also tailored to risks factors that are specific for the different pig farming practices in the European Union (EU).

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Section: Ticks and Other Blood Feeding Arthropodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Risk Factors of African Swine Fever Incursion in Pig Farming within the European Union Scenario

et al. 2021

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“…Вши вызывают педикулёз, вторичные бактериальные заражения в местах расчёсывания кожи, снижение иммунитета и аллергические реакции, а также являются переносчиками возбудителей опасных заболеваний человека -брюшного тифа (Salmonella enterica Le Minor et Popoff, 1987 var. typhi), сыпного тифа (Rickettsia prowazekii da Rocha-Lima, 1916), пятнистой лихорадки Скалистых Гор (R. rickettsi Brumpt, 1922), возвратного тифа (Borrelia recurrentis Bergey et al, 1925), Волынской или окопной лихорадки (Bartonella quintana Schmincke, 1917) [2] -и животных, например: свиная вошь (Haematopinus suis L., 1758) описана как вектор для поксвируса свиней (Chitovirales: Poxviridae, Suipoxvirus) [4] и вируса африканской чумы свиней (Asfuvirales: Asfiviridae, Asfivirus) [5] [16]. Много позже выясняется, что строгий физикоматематический анализ уравнений электростатики для диэлектриков представляет собой нетривиальную задачу [17; 18].…”

Section: ключевые словаunclassified

“…Несмотря на то, что представители отряда броненосцев имеют дорсальный кожный панцирь, с вентральной стороны их тело покрыто шерстью 5. Аналогичный эксперимент, более доступный в современных условиях, -это потереть пластмассовую ручку о волосы на голове 6.…”

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Electrification hypothesis of the absence of lice (Anoplura Leach, 1815) on bats (Chiroptera Blumenbach, 1779)

Щелканов

2021

Ûg Ross.: èkol. razvit.

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Aim of this work is to substantiate the hypothesis that the absence of lice in bats is associated with the electrification of the surface of their body during the flight.Discussion. The paper analyzes the physical phenomenon of friction electrification, the triboelectric series of substances with special attention to the objects of atmospheric electricity, and the Cohen rule that relates the dielectric properties of a substance to its permittivity. The electrical properties of the atmosphere are described including the occurrence of a potential difference between the Earth's surface and the ionosphere and the mechanism of maintaining this potential as a result of charging the ground with negative electricity by thunderstorms. The results of experimental data on the formation of a positive electrostatic charge on the surface covers of insects and birds are presented. It is hypothesized that the hair and skin membranes of bats should also be positively electrified during flight. The reasons that prevent lice from living in electrified bat hair are described. It is proposed to explain the presence of developed sebaceous glands in bats as a way of discharging electrostatic charge before returning to the shelter and the bell structure of the hair cuticle as a device for retaining the secretion of sweat glands.Conclusion. The absence of lice in bats is a direct consequence of their adaptation to active flight.

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“…More recently, haematophagous flies have been also proposed as non-multiplying vectors for mechanical transmission of the ASF virus between porcine hosts Olesen, Lohse et al, 2018;Fila & Woźniakowski, 2020;Olesen et al, 2020;Saegerman et al, 2020;Vergne et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi‐quantitative risk assessment by expert elicitation of potential introduction routes of African swine fever from wild reservoir to domestic pig industry and subsequent spread during the Belgian outbreak (2018–2019)

Mauroy

Depoorter

Saegerman

et al. 2021

Transbound. Emerg. Dis.

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Since the introduction in Georgia in 2007 of an African swine fever (ASF) genotype 2 virus strain, the virus has rapidly spread to both Western European and Asian countries. It now constitutes a major threat for the global swine industry. The ongoing European transmission cycle has been related to the 'wild boar habitat' with closed transmission events between wild boar populations and incidental spillovers to commercial and non-commercial (backyard) pig holdings. During the epidemic in Belgium, only wild boar were infected and although the introduction route has not yet been elucidated, the 'human factor' is highly suspected. While ASF was successfully contained in a small region in the Southern part of Belgium without affecting domestic pigs, the risk of spillover at the wild/domestic interface remains poorly assessed. In this study, we used a semi-quantitative method, involving national and international experts, to assess the risk associated with different transmission routes for ASF introduction from wild boar to domestic pig holdings and subsequent dissemination

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An expert opinion assessment of blood‐feeding arthropods based on their capacity to transmit African swine fever virus in Metropolitan France

Cited by 13 publications

References 48 publications

A Review of Risk Factors of African Swine Fever Incursion in Pig Farming within the European Union Scenario

A Review of Risk Factors of African Swine Fever Incursion in Pig Farming within the European Union Scenario

Electrification hypothesis of the absence of lice (Anoplura Leach, 1815) on bats (Chiroptera Blumenbach, 1779)

Semi‐quantitative risk assessment by expert elicitation of potential introduction routes of African swine fever from wild reservoir to domestic pig industry and subsequent spread during the Belgian outbreak (2018–2019)

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