An experimentally validated approach for evaluating tsunami inundation forces on rectangular buildings

2017

Front. Built Environ.

Tsunami damage, fragility, and vulnerability functions are statistical models that provide an estimate of expected damage or losses due to tsunami. They allow for quantification of risk, and so are a vital component of catastrophe models used for human and financial loss estimation, and for land-use and emergency planning. This paper collates and reviews the currently available tsunami fragility functions in order to highlight the current limitations, outline significant advances in this field, make recommendations for model derivation, and propose key areas for further research. Existing functions are first presented, and then key issues are identified in the current literature for each of the model components: building damage data (the response variable of the statistical model), tsunami intensity data (the explanatory variable), and the statistical model that links the two. Finally, recommendations are made regarding areas for future research and current best practices in deriving tsunami fragility functions (see Discussion, Recommendations, and Future Research). The information presented in this paper may be used to assess the quality of current estimations (both based on the quality of the data, and the quality of the models and methods adopted) and to adopt best practice when developing new fragility functions.

Section: Assessment/improvement Of the Quality Of Tsunami Intensity Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary Of Intensity Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…shown by Foster et al (2017) to represent the force of a tsunami inundation on buildings. It is evaluated via two different flow regimes determined by Froude number.…”

Section: All Tims Represent a Peak Value Measured At Each Building Lomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary Of Intensity Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Estimating Tsunami-Induced Building Damage through Fragility Functions: Critical Review and Research Needs

Charvet

Macabuag

2017

Front. Built Environ.

Comparative assessment of nonlinear static and dynamic methods for analysing building response under sequential earthquake and tsunami

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

Barra²,

Petrone³

et al. 2019

Summary This paper presents a comprehensive comparison of different dynamic and static approaches for assessing building performance under sequential earthquakes and tsunami. A 10‐storey reinforced concrete seismically designed Japanese vertical evacuation structure is adopted as a case study for the investigation. The case study building is first assessed under sequential earthquake and tsunami nonlinear response history analyses: the first time this is done in the literature. The resulting engineering demand parameters are then compared with those obtained when the analysis procedure is systematically simplified by substituting different static approaches for the nonlinear response history analyses in both the earthquake and tsunami loading phases. Different unloading approaches are also tested for the cases when an earthquake pushover is adopted. The results show that an earthquake nonlinear response history analysis, followed by a transient free vibration and a tsunami variable depth pushover, provides the best alternative to full dynamic analyses in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. This structural analysis combination is recommended and has the advantage that it does not require the tsunami inundation time history to be known in advance. The proposed double pushover approach is instead deemed only suitable for the collapse assessment of regular low to mid‐rise buildings and for the development of collapse fragility functions. An important observation made is that sustained earthquake damage seems not to affect the tsunami resistance of the case study building when the fully dynamic analysis is carried out for the sequential loading. This observation will be the subject of future work.

Advances in the Assessment of Buildings Subjected to Earthquakes and Tsunami

Recent Advances in Earthquake Engineering in Europe

Petrone

Eames

et al. 2018

Currently, 8 out of the 10 most populous megacities in the world are vulnerable to severe earthquake damage, while 6 out of 10 are at risk of being severely affected by tsunami. To mitigate ground shaking and tsunami risks for coastal communities, reliable tools for assessing the effects of these hazards on coastal structures are needed. Methods for assessing the seismic performance of buildings and infrastructure are well established, allowing for seismic risk assessments to be performed with some degree of confidence. In the case of tsunami, structural assessment methodologies are much less developed. This stems partly from a general lack of understanding of tsunami inundation processes and flow interaction with the built environment. This chapter brings together novel numerical and experimental work being carried out at UCL EPICentre and highlights advances made in defining tsunami loads for use in structural analysis, and in the assessment of buildings for tsunami loads. The results of this work, however, demonstrate a conflict in the design targets for seismic versus tsunami-resistant structures, which raise questions on how to provide appropriate building resilience in coastal areas subjected to both these hazards. The Chapter therefore concludes by summarizing studies carried out to assess building response under successive earthquakes and tsunami that are starting to address this question.