An Experimental Study on The Unfairness in Adaptive Streaming with HTTP/2 Server Push

Wang, Yu; Tran, Chanh Minh; Duc, Tho Nguyen; Wu, Xiaochun; Tan, Phan Xuan; Kamioka, Eiji

doi:10.1145/3369318.3369329

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The existence of the unfairness in adaptive streaming over HTTP/2 server push has been confirmed in our previous work [20]. Therefore, in this paper, we set light for solving such a problem with a network-assisted approach by proposing the FAURAS framework.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Our testbed consists of an HTTP/2 server, a proxy and multiple HTTP/2 streaming clients as shown in Figure 4. The settings of the server and clients are similar to that of [20]. The server is run on a HP Windows 10 Core i7 physical machine with 8 GB of RAM and is implemented based on Jetty [40], while each client is a Panasonic Core i5 physical machine with 4 GB of RAM.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our experiment, the server provides the Big Buck Bunny video with 11 versions of bitrate, i.e., = {99, 192, 285, 470, 656, 838, 1118, 1401, 1855, 2324, 2791} (Kbps) as in [20]. Each version is chunked into segments of 1 s. The maximum bandwidth C is fixed at 3 Mbps, which is sufficient for a client to reach the highest bitrate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When multiple clients stream a video under a shared bandwidth, the unfairness in bitrate selection among the clients can happen in both HTTP/1.1 [18,19] and HTTP/2 server push [20]. In HTTP/1.1, various research efforts have been made to deal with the unfairness problem, whose deployments varied across different network entities, that is, client-based [21][22][23][24][25], server-based [26][27][28][29], or network-assisted (e.g., controller, base station, proxy, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FAURAS: A Proxy-Based Framework for Ensuring the Fairness of Adaptive Video Streaming over HTTP/2 Server Push

et al. 2020

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HTTP/2 video streaming has gotten a lot of attention in the development of multimedia technologies over the last few years. In HTTP/2, the server push mechanism allows the server to deliver more video segments to the client within a single request in order to deal with the requests explosion problem. As a result, recent research efforts have been focusing on utilizing such a feature to enhance the streaming experience while reducing the request-related overhead. However, current works only optimize the performance of a single client, without necessary concerns of possible influences on other clients in the same network. When multiple streaming clients compete for a shared bandwidth in HTTP/1.1, they are likely to suffer from unfairness, which is defined as the inequality in their bitrate selections. For HTTP/1.1, existing works have proven that the network-assisted solutions are effective in solving the unfairness problem. However, the feasibility of utilizing such an approach for the HTTP/2 server push has not been investigated. Therefore, in this paper, a novel proxy-based framework is proposed to overcome the unfairness problem in adaptive streaming over HTTP/2 with the server push. Experimental results confirm the outperformance of the proposed framework in ensuring the fairness, assisting the clients with avoiding rebuffering events and lowering bitrate degradation amplitude, while maintaining the mechanism of the server push feature.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FAURAS: A Proxy-Based Framework for Ensuring the Fairness of Adaptive Video Streaming over HTTP/2 Server Push

et al. 2020

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FAURAS: A Proxy-based Framework for Ensuring the Fairness of Adaptive Video Streaming over HTTP/2 Server Push

Tran¹,

Duc²,

Tan³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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HTTP/2 video streaming has caught a lot of attentions in the development of multimedia technologies over the last few years. In HTTP/2, the server push mechanism allows the server to deliver more video segments to the client within a single request in order to deal with the requests explosion problem. As a result, recent research efforts have been focusing on utilizing such a feature to enhance the streaming experience while reducing the request-related overhead. However, current works only optimize the performance of a single client, without necessary concerns of possible influences on other clients in the same network. When multiple streaming clients compete for a shared bandwidth in HTTP/1.1, they are likely to suffer from unfairness, which is defined as the inequality in their bitrate selections. For HTTP/1.1, existing works have proven that the network-assisted solutions are effective in solving the unfairness problem. However, the feasibility of utilizing such an approach for the HTTP/2 server push has not been investigated. Therefore, in this paper, a novel proxy-based framework is proposed to overcome the unfairness problem in adaptive streaming over HTTP/2 with the server push. Experimental results confirm the outperformance of the proposed framework in ensuring the fairness, assisting the clients to avoid rebuffering events and lower bitrate degradation amplitude, while maintaining the mechanism of the server push feature.

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Cross-protocol Unfairness between Adaptive Streaming Clients over HTTP/3 and HTTP/2: A Root-Cause Analysis

Tran¹,

Duc²,

Tan³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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With the introduction of HTTP/3, whose transport is no longer the traditional TCP protocol but the novel QUIC protocol, research for solutions to the unfairness of Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (HAS) has become more challenging. That is, because of different transport layers, the HTTP/3 may not be available for some networks and the clients have to use HTTP/2 for their HAS applications instead. Therefore, the scenario that HAS over HTTP/3 (HAS/3) compete against HTTP/2 (HAS/2) must be considered seriously. However, there have been a shortage of investigations on the performance and the origin of the unfairness in such a cross-protocol scenario in order to produce proper solutions. Therefore, this paper provides a performance evaluation and root-cause analysis of the cross-protocol unfairness between HAS/3 and HAS/2. It is concluded that, due to differences in the congestion control mechanisms of QUIC and TCP, HAS/3 clients obtain larger congestion windows, thus requesting higher video bitrates than HAS/2. As the problem lies in the transport layer, existing client-side ABR-based solutions for the unfairness from the application layer may perform suboptimally for the cross-protocol case.

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An Experimental Study on The Unfairness in Adaptive Streaming with HTTP/2 Server Push

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

FAURAS: A Proxy-Based Framework for Ensuring the Fairness of Adaptive Video Streaming over HTTP/2 Server Push

FAURAS: A Proxy-Based Framework for Ensuring the Fairness of Adaptive Video Streaming over HTTP/2 Server Push

FAURAS: A Proxy-based Framework for Ensuring the Fairness of Adaptive Video Streaming over HTTP/2 Server Push

Cross-protocol Unfairness between Adaptive Streaming Clients over HTTP/3 and HTTP/2: A Root-Cause Analysis

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