An Experimental Study on the Impact of Layer Height and Annealing Parameters on the Tensile Strength and Dimensional Accuracy of FDM 3D Printed Parts

Stojković, Jelena R.; Turudija, Rajko; Vitković, Nikola; Górski, Filip; Păcurar, Ancuţa; Pleşa, Alin; Ianoşi-Andreeva-Dimitrova, Alexandru; Păcurar, Răzvan

doi:10.3390/ma16134574

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…In this research, an increased layer height led to a smaller number of layers, which was observed to contribute to the thickness deviation. Stojkovic et al [ 59 ] also reported that layer height has a clear impact on the dimensional accuracy of MEX 3D‐printed parts, although the specific influence may vary depending on the material and other printing parameters. However, the individual effects of printing temperature and layer height on the thickness deviation are not clear in Figure 4A as multiple factors can influence dimensional inaccuracy simultaneously.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Material Extrusion Process Optimization for Printability and Adhesion in 3D‐Printed Electronics

Fu,

Salo,

Calvo Guzman

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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3D printing exhibits strong potential in electronics manufacturing for its quick prototyping and capability of manufacturing complex structures with a wide range of materials. However, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has rarely been fabricated by 3d printing for electronics due to the limited understanding of its printability and the adhesion of the conductors on it. In this research, we investigate the printability of TPU using varying layer height and printing temperature in the Materials Extrusion (MEX) process, their impacts on the printability, and the adhesion of conductive trace on TPU. The printability is characterized by the surface roughness, stability of dimension and mass, and the adhesion is evaluated by a standard cross‐cutting method. In this research, 0.2 mm layer height and 220 °C printing temperature have consistently proven to be optimal configuration parameters for MEX printing of TPU. Larger layer height in TPU printing causes poorer printing quality (lower dimensional accuracy, more porous structure, rougher surface), lower ink‐TPU adhesion, and transforms the adhesive failure of ink against peeling to cohesive failure. Higher printing temperature causes less homogeneous structure and rougher surface with minor influence on the width and conductivity of ink on TPU, and no influence on the mechanism of ink failure against peeling.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Material Extrusion Process Optimization for Printability and Adhesion in 3D‐Printed Electronics

Fu,

Salo,

Calvo Guzman

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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show abstract

“…PET-G samples (hollow and solid), 5-15 mm diameter, were made with FDM, varying temp (220°C, 240°C) and speed (30 mm/s, 40 mm/s) to assess dimensional accuracy, highlighting temperature's impact. Stojković et al [13] focused on PLA, PETG, and carbon fiber-reinforced PETG in 3D printing. They investigated annealing's impact on tensile strength and dimensions, varying layer heights (0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm), and annealing conditions (60-100°C, 30-90 min).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of the raster angle on the dimensional accuracy of FDM-printed PLA, PETG, and ABS tensile specimens

TUNÇEL

2024

European Mechanical Science

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3D printing is a rapidly advancing method in digital manufacturing techniques and produces objects in layers. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is a 3D printing technology where the material is melted in a hot nozzle and then placed on a build platform to create a prototype layer by layer. In this study, the effects of different raster angles (0°, 45°, 90°, 45°/-45°, 0°/90°) on dimensional accuracy for PLA, PETG and ABS materials produced using FDM were investigated. The results show that PETG generally shows higher dimensional deviations compared to PLA and ABS, and samples with a scan angle of 90° generally have lower deviation percentages than other angles. Width deviations (approximately 1.5% on average) were lower than thickness deviations (approximately 9.5% on average). Analysis of the cross-sectional areas shows that all samples are above the theoretical area (41.6 mm2). PETG samples with a scan angle of 45°/-45° exhibit the largest cross-sectional area (46.78 mm2), while ABS samples with a scan angle of 90° exhibit the smallest (45.46 mm2). This study is important to understand the impact of material selection and raster angle on dimensional accuracy, and it is recommended to account for cross-sectional deviations and calculate the stress based on the actual cross-sectional area to achieve more accurate results in applications requiring precise measurements. These data offer valuable information for those interested in 3D printing and its professionals and can lead to further research in this field, so that printing techniques can be further developed and product quality can be improved.

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“…With the increase in awareness of environmentally friendly materials, TPE material plays a very important role in replacing vulcanized rubber and flexible polyvinyl chloride [2]. PLA performs best at 0.1 mm/60 min/90 °C, while PETG and PETGCF achieve optimal strength [3]. To improve the mechanical properties and surface quality of PLA FFF parts, enhancing surface and forming quality [4] expanding additive manufacturing for sacrificial cladding affects structural parameters, causing higher peak forces [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing mechanical properties of virgin and recycled PLA components using Anova and neural networks

P V R,

2024

Math. models, eng.

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The increasing demand for polymers in additive manufacturing (AM) has led to a significant increase in plastic waste, with over 300 million metric tons used in recent years. This research article explores the use of Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) as a biodegradable thermoplastic recycled material for 3D printed components, comparing its properties with virgin PLA and discussing solutions for variation and mechanical features improvement. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a widely used additive manufacturing process that allows for the creation of three-dimensional objects by depositing molten material layer by layer. This study investigates the impact of infill density, layer thickness, and raster angle for recycled 3D printing material, focusing on their dimensions and their influence on processing efficiency. This research paper aims to investigate the mechanical effects of recycled 3d printed components which are printed by using FDM with the combination of different process parameters compared with virgin PLA. From results optimal process parameters are found to enhancing quality and performance of recycled 3D printed components. Later results are compared by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) as a statistical tool and also with ANN technique, which minimizes error deviation.

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An Experimental Study on the Impact of Layer Height and Annealing Parameters on the Tensile Strength and Dimensional Accuracy of FDM 3D Printed Parts

Cited by 16 publications

References 53 publications

Hybrid Material Extrusion Process Optimization for Printability and Adhesion in 3D‐Printed Electronics

Hybrid Material Extrusion Process Optimization for Printability and Adhesion in 3D‐Printed Electronics

The influence of the raster angle on the dimensional accuracy of FDM-printed PLA, PETG, and ABS tensile specimens

Optimizing mechanical properties of virgin and recycled PLA components using Anova and neural networks

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