An experimental study on the thermal characteristics of the Cell-To-Pack system

Second life and recycling: Energy and environmental sustainability perspectives for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

“…Owing to its low specific energy density, the production of LFP LIBs is found to be the most detrimental to the environment, despite its cobalt- and nickel-free characteristics. The recent revolution in cell-to-pack technology could narrow the gap between the battery pack energy density of LFP and its NMC/NCA counterparts and subsequently lower the demand in material and energy for packing by optimizing the design and assembly of LIB cells ( 66 , 67 ). Because of the reduced material and energy input, the environmental impacts of LIB manufacturing can be mitigated.…”

Battery cost forecasting: a review of methods and results with an outlook to 2050

“…138 Even though variances between estimates cannot be explained by different price assumptions alone, we find model inputs to significantly vary for LMO between 4 and 17 $ kg À1 , for LNMO between 11 and 21 $ kg À1 , for LFP between 12 and 21 $ kg À1 , for NCA between 21 and 35 $ kg À1 , for NMC111 between 20 and 42 $ kg À1 , for NMC622 between 13 and 25 $ kg À1 , and for graphite between 10 and 22 $ kg À1 . In addition to material and cell-related potentials, recent publication indicate further cost reductions on pack-level, achievable by an improved packing efficiency through cell-to-pack technology, 143,144 that have to date not been investigated in detail.…”

Multiperspective Optimization of Cell and Module Dimensioning for Different Lithium‐Ion Cell Formats on Geometric and Generic Assumptions

“…While improvements have mostly been made at the component level, huge cost reduction still lies in the system engineering process when integrating multiple cells in bigger applications like EVs. [ 7 ] In general, cell integration has to address a variety of challenges from mechanical, electrical, and thermal engineering. [ 8 ] Whereas high power and energy is still one of the most important claims of customers, car manufacturers set goals on reducing passive components within the battery system to reduce its weight and general environmental impact while increasing its energy and power density.…”