An experimental study on spray characteristics after impingement on a piston surface through an asymmetrical multi-hole injector of a direct-injection spark ignition gasoline engine

Qiu, Fan; Deng, Jun; Hu, Zongjie; Li, L

doi:10.1177/0954407011420216

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Therefore, liquid fuel penetration increases inside the combustion chamber which may lead to piston head and cylinder wall wetting. 24,25 In addition, early injection during homogeneous mode is necessary to ensure complete evaporation of fuel droplets which also may increase the propensity of cylinder wall wetting. Wall wetting causes poor evaporation rate and increased fuel consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical investigation of flash boiling and its effect on in-cylinder combustion for butanol isomers and iso-octane

Kale

Banerjee

2020

International Journal of Engine Research

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Performance of a gasoline direct injection engine significantly depends on the fuel injection phenomenon. It has been shown that variation in the fuel thermo-physical properties and in-cylinder thermodynamic conditions can adversely affect engine performance. Spray collapse due to flash boiling is the consequence of such varying in-cylinder thermodynamics. It has also been observed that gasoline direct injection engines have higher particulate matter emissions compared to port fuel injection engines. One of the possible reasons for this observation may be fuel impingement on the piston head and spray collapse at high fuel injector temperature. In the present work, experiments have been performed to understand spray characteristics under flash boiling conditions and ultimately its effect on in-cylinder combustion quality for the three different fuels: n-butanol, iso-butanol and iso-octane. To mimic in-cylinder conditions, hot fuel was introduced inside an optically accessible engine. It was observed that fuel temperature and their thermo-physical properties have a significant effect on piston head wetting and pool fire on the piston top. Butanol isomers showed significant reduction in sooty combustion with increase in fuel temperature. However, iso-octane showed higher wall wetting at elevated fuel temperature due to spray collapse.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical investigation of flash boiling and its effect on in-cylinder combustion for butanol isomers and iso-octane

Kale

Banerjee

2020

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…7 This can result in better charge cooling and lower in-cylinder temperature which could reduce particulate emission. 8,9 However, a very high increase in fuel injection pressure can lead to an increase in fuel impingement on the walls of the combustion chamber. 10 The mass of entrained air was also found to increase with fuel injection pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and computational studies on the effects of reduced fuel injection pressure and spark plug protrusion on the performance and emissions of a small-bore gasoline direct-injection engine

Jose

Mittal

Ramesh

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Application of direct injection (DI) technology in small-bore engines, the type used in two- and three-wheelers, could improve their performance significantly. It is recognised that the use of high fuel injection pressure is beneficial in large-bore engines for a good mixture preparation. However, simple systems incorporated with low-pressure DI are desirable in small-engine segment of automobiles. Further, high fuel pressures will result in excessive wall wetting when cylinder dimensions are small. Extensive studies were carried out to investigate the minimum fuel injection pressure required for homogeneous and lean modes of operation in such small bore DI engine. The effect of spark plug protrusion in the combustion chamber was also investigated under the spray-guided configuration. Comprehensive experiments and CFD simulations were performed for estimating the engine efficiency, emissions, mixture preparation characteristics, fuel spray and fuel impingement on combustion chamber walls. Results have demonstrated that engine performance and emissions did not deteriorate when fuel injection pressure was reduced from 150 to 50 bar at full load. However, at very low pressures, like 20–30 bar, THC, CO and smoke emissions increased. Fuel injection pressure did not influence the lean limit, that is, equivalence ratio of about 0.77, but influenced the thermal efficiency at lean conditions. In order to attain high efficiency, under lean conditions, a minimum fuel pressure of 80 bar was required. The spark plug protrusion that resulted in a gap of 0.75 mm with respect to the incoming fuel spray cone has given the best engine performance, while higher protrusions affected the tumble flow and led to the stratification of charge near the spark plug, which resulted in elevated CO and smoke emissions. Hence, this work highlights that relatively lower direct injection pressures are suitable in small bore engines, which will impact the development of cost effective components for such applications.

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“…8 Given that, how the GDI improves the particulate emission has become a hot area of research in the field of internal combustion engine. 6,9,10…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Given that, how the GDI improves the particulate emission has become a hot area of research in the field of internal combustion engine. 6,9,10 In literature, 8,11 it is indicated that when the fuel injection is too early, the possibilities of wall impingement of fuel spray and wetted wall are increased, but when the injection timing is too late, the fuel-air mixing time is shortened. Therefore, too early or too late injection timing could lead to the deterioration of PM emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of split and single injection strategies on particle number emission and combustion of a GDI engine

Xie

Zheng

Chen

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Influence of fuel injection parameters of the single and split injection strategies on combustion, performance and particle number emission had been investigated on a gasoline direct injection engine with stoichiometric mixture combustion under medium and low engine operating conditions. The test results showed that the optimal injection timing for single injection strategy was about 290–280 °CA BTDC, and an earlier or a later injection timing could lead to a deterioration of particle number emission. For split injection strategy, the injected parameters also needed to be optimized subtly in order to improve particle number emission. When the inappropriate injected parameters were adopted, particle number emission increased rather than decrease when compared with single injection strategy. Similar to single injection strategy, when the second injection timing of split injection strategy further retarded from 280 °CA BTDC, the particle number emission and brake-specific fuel consumption also started to deteriorate, and the in-cylinder combustion process was delayed and slowed. The optimal first injection timing was about 300 °CA BTDC. When the first injection timing was delayed to 280 °CA BTDC with the second injection timing being 260 °CA BTDC, the particle number emission increased and the shortened interval time between first and second fuel injection might have had a negative effect. The smaller difference of the fuel quantity between the first and the second injection was not good for the improvement of particle number emission and brake-specific fuel consumption, and the best injection proportion was 2:8. Overall, the engine particle number emission could be decreased to some extent, which could reach about 10–30%, by split injection strategy with optimal control parameters at medium and low engine loads.

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An experimental study on spray characteristics after impingement on a piston surface through an asymmetrical multi-hole injector of a direct-injection spark ignition gasoline engine

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Optical investigation of flash boiling and its effect on in-cylinder combustion for butanol isomers and iso-octane

Optical investigation of flash boiling and its effect on in-cylinder combustion for butanol isomers and iso-octane

Experimental and computational studies on the effects of reduced fuel injection pressure and spark plug protrusion on the performance and emissions of a small-bore gasoline direct-injection engine

Effects of split and single injection strategies on particle number emission and combustion of a GDI engine

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