An Experimental Study on NOx Emissions of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine during Cold Start and Idling

Dev, Shouvik; Guo, Hongsheng; Liko, Brian; Lafrance, Simon; Conde, Aaron

doi:10.4271/2021-01-0535

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Previous research has indicated that the medium engine speed of 1000 rpm provides a reasonable compromise between BTE, NOx emissions, and exhaust temperature. 22 The minimum manifold pressure differential which allowed the maximum EGR ratios (∼30%) to be achieved with the EGR valve fully open was 0.015 MPa. Hence, for all test conditions, the exhaust back pressure was set at 0.015 MPa over the intake pressure to drive the EGR gas into the intake.…”

Section: Experimental Setup Methods and Test Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…On-road tests in winter conditions have shown that during idling and immediately after a cold start, the engine load can be ;13%-25% and extended period of idling at low load and low engine speed fails to increase the exhaust gas temperature above 100°C. 22 2 bar BMEP corresponds to ;14% load for the given engine at 1000 rpm. This load corresponds to an IMEP of ;3 bar.…”

Section: Experimental Methods and Test Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research has explored the use of a double injection to simultaneously decrease NOx emissions and increase the exhaust temperature, although there is some penalty in terms of BTE which can be minimized by keeping the post or second injection timing closer to TDC [22]. Increasing the coolant and oil temperature (from the baseline 40°C and 50°C, respectively of this study) may help in increasing the BTE.…”

Section: Effects Of Injection Strategy and Elevated Fluid Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous in-use vehicle test data has shown the importance of engine load and engine speed in SCR activation and NOx control challenges during winter operation. 22 Based on this data, Dev et al conducted certain steady state engine dynamometer tests at idling loads to highlight the impact of engine speed, EGR, and multiple injection events on NOx emissions and exhaust gas temperatures. 22 While the EGR effect is discussed briefly, this paper primarily focuses on other engine operating parameters such as intake pressure, injection pressure, injection strategy, coolant, lube-oil temperature, and intake temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 Based on this data, Dev et al conducted certain steady state engine dynamometer tests at idling loads to highlight the impact of engine speed, EGR, and multiple injection events on NOx emissions and exhaust gas temperatures. 22 While the EGR effect is discussed briefly, this paper primarily focuses on other engine operating parameters such as intake pressure, injection pressure, injection strategy, coolant, lube-oil temperature, and intake temperature. Finally, three combinations of operating parameters are used to demonstrate transient NOx reduction in the EAT system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A study on effect of engine operating parameters on NOx emissions and exhaust temperatures of a heavy-duty diesel engine during idling

Dev

Lafrance

Liko

et al. 2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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Though NOx emissions from on-road heavy duty vehicles (HDVs) have reduced drastically over the past three decades, upcoming North American regulations may call for further reductions. Lowering NOx emissions below current levels is challenging, especially at lower operating loads such as idling and/or colder climates when the exhaust gas temperature is insufficient for high NOx conversion in the HDV’s exhaust after treatment (EAT) system. This paper investigates the impact of various engine operating parameters on the three-way trade-off between NOx emissions, exhaust temperature, and fuel consumption using a single-cylinder, heavy-duty diesel engine outfitted with a conventional EAT system and diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) injection. The engine parameters investigated include exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) ratio, intake pressure, intake temperature, injection pressure, multiple injections, and engine fluid temperatures. In order to simulate cold climate operation, the baseline intake air, coolant, and lubricating oil temperatures are maintained at 10°C, 40°C, and 50°C, respectively. Results show that using a moderate level of EGR has the dual benefit of reducing the engine-out NOx and increasing the intake charge temperature. Increasing the intake or injection pressure does not result in significant benefit in improving the three-way trade-off. However, using double injection with the second injection at the start of the expansion stroke can help reduce NOx emissions and increase exhaust temperature with marginal impact on fuel efficiency. Based on the parametric study, three particular engine operating conditions are chosen for further investigation with the EAT online. At an identical DEF dosing rate, the rates of NOx reduction in the SCR are similar for the three conditions (∼96%), and the lowest tail-pipe NOx observed for this study is 0.032 g/kWh.

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Section: Experimental Setup Methods and Test Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Experimental Methods and Test Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Injection Strategy and Elevated Fluid Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A study on effect of engine operating parameters on NOx emissions and exhaust temperatures of a heavy-duty diesel engine during idling

Dev

Lafrance

Liko

et al. 2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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Fuel Consumption and Emission Reduction for Non-Road Diesel Engines with Electrically Heated Catalysts

Lee

et al. 2023

Catalysts

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In this study, an exhaust system compliant with future regulations was developed for a non-road 110PS engine with a Tier-4f aftertreatment system, and the emission characteristics of the engine were investigated in the non-road transient mode (NRTC). For the system to comply with future exhaust regulations, a DPF was installed, and an electrical heated catalyst (EHC) device was installed to manage exhaust gas temperature. The emission characteristics of exhaust gas were examined according to the power and applied duration of EHC, and the effects of catalyst coating and the urea water solution (UWS) injection map on NOx reduction, NH3 slip, and N2O emissions in NRTC mode were investigated. The application of a 4 kW class EHC system enables the lowering of the injection starting temperature of the UWS, as reliable gas heating (heating duration control) is guaranteed. When the injection starting temperature (based on the SCR inlet temperature) was set to 150 °C, NSR map, (III) in conjunction with the operation of the EHC, effectively achieved significant NOx reduction in NRTC mode without deposit and wetting occurring in the mixer and exhaust pipe. Regarding changes in EHC power from 3 kW to 4 kW, it was observed that a NOx reduction of 0.05 g/kWh occurs in the cold NRTC mode, but in the hot NRTC mode, it was found that the relative decrease in the UWS is due to the increased NO2 conversion efficiency as a result of the oxidation catalyst, making 3 kW more advantageous. Furthermore, due to the increase in NO2 concentration caused by the oxidation catalyst and the increase in the low-temperature injected UWS, NH4NO3 was formed, which resulted in an increase in PM emissions and a significant increase in N2O emissions around an exhaust temperature of 250 °C. When the EHC power was set to 3 kW and the volume of oxidation catalyst and the amount of UWS injection were adjusted, applying EHC in the NRTC mode resulted in an additional NOx reduction of 58.6% and 88.4% in cold and hot modes, respectively, compared with not using EHC, with a fuel penalty of approximately 1.67%, while limiting the peak concentrations of N2O and NH3.

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Comparative Analysis of Performance and Emission Characteristics of Biodiesels from Animal Fats and Vegetable Oils as Fuel for Common Rail Engines

Lee,

Cho

2024

Energies

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Currently, solving global environmental problems is recognized as an important task for humanity. In particular, automobile exhaust gases, which are pointed out as the main cause of environmental pollution, are increasing environmental pollutants and pollution problems, and exhaust gas regulations are being strengthened around the world. In particular, when an engine is idling while a car is stopped and not running, a lot of fine dust and toxic gases are emitted into the atmosphere due to the unnecessary fuel consumption of the engine. These idling emissions are making the Earth’s environmental pollution more serious and depleting limited oil resources. Biodiesel, which can replace diesel fuel, generally has similar physical properties to diesel fuel, so it is receiving a lot of attention as an eco-friendly alternative fuel. Biodiesel can be extracted from various substances of vegetable or animal origin and can also be extracted from waste resources discarded in nature. In this study, we used biodiesel blended fuel (B20) in a CRDI diesel engine to study the characteristics of gases emitted during combustion in the engine’s idling state. There were a total of four types of biodiesels used in the experiment. New Soybean Oil and New Lard Oil extracted from new resources and Waste Soybean Fried Oil and Waste Barbecue Lard Oil extracted from waste resources were used, and the gaseous substances emitted during combustion with pure diesel fuel and with the biodiesels were compared and analyzed. It was confirmed that all four B20 biodiesels had a reduction effect on PM, CO, and HC emissions, excluding NOx emissions, compared to pure diesel in terms of the emissions generated during combustion under no-load idling conditions. In particular, New Soybean Oil had the highest PM reduction rate of 20.3% compared to pure diesel, and Waste Soybean Fried Oil had the highest CO and HC reduction rates of 36.6% and 19.3%, respectively. However, NOx was confirmed to be highest in New Soybean Oil, and Waste Barbecue Lard Oil was the highest in fuel consumption.

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An Experimental Study on NOx Emissions of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine during Cold Start and Idling

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

A study on effect of engine operating parameters on NOx emissions and exhaust temperatures of a heavy-duty diesel engine during idling

A study on effect of engine operating parameters on NOx emissions and exhaust temperatures of a heavy-duty diesel engine during idling

Fuel Consumption and Emission Reduction for Non-Road Diesel Engines with Electrically Heated Catalysts

Comparative Analysis of Performance and Emission Characteristics of Biodiesels from Animal Fats and Vegetable Oils as Fuel for Common Rail Engines

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