An Experimental Study on Micro-Milling of a Medical Grade Co-Cr-Mo Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting

Allegri, Gabriele; Colpani, Alessandro; Ginestra, Paola; Attanasio, Aldo

doi:10.3390/ma12132208

Cited by 42 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A totally polished surface can indeed drastically reduce the bacterial adhesion and proliferation but, at the same time, hinder the cell attachment and colonization of the implant. One of the disadvantages of the additive manufacturing (AM) technologies over the conventional techniques is the requirement of post-processing operations due to the inadequate dimensional accuracy and surface finishing that result from a layer-by-layer deposition of material [30][31][32][33]. Moreover, the advantages of the lead time reduction offered by 3D printing are often affected by the time-consuming techniques, including manual operations for curved or complex geometries, required to modify the surface quality of as-build samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Laser Melting and Electron Beam Melting of Ti6Al4V for Orthopedic Applications: A Comparative Study on the Applied Building Direction

et al. 2020

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The 3D printing process offers several advantages to the medical industry by producing complex and bespoke devices that accurately reproduce customized patient geometries. Despite the recent developments that strongly enhanced the dominance of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques over conventional methods, processes need to be continually optimized and controlled to obtain implants that can fulfill all the requirements of the surgical procedure and the anatomical district of interest. The best outcomes of an implant derive from optimal compromise and balance between a good interaction with the surrounding tissue through cell attachment and reduced inflammatory response mainly caused by a weak interface with the native tissue or bacteria colonization of the implant surface. For these reasons, the chemical, morphological, and mechanical properties of a device need to be designed in order to assure the best performances considering the in vivo environment components. In particular, complex 3D geometries can be produced with high dimensional accuracy but inadequate surface properties due to the layer manufacturing process that always entails the use of post-processing techniques to improve the surface quality, increasing the lead times of the whole process despite the reduction of the supply chain. The goal of this work was to provide a comparison between Ti6Al4V samples fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM) with different building directions in relation to the building plate. The results highlighted the influence of the process technique on osteoblast attachment and mineralization compared with the building orientation that showed a limited effect in promoting a proper osseointegration over a long-term period.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Laser Melting and Electron Beam Melting of Ti6Al4V for Orthopedic Applications: A Comparative Study on the Applied Building Direction

et al. 2020

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“…Just like titanium and stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloys have been extensively used in biomedical [59], automotive, and aerospace fields [60]. CoCr alloys are widely used for the fabrication of dental devices due to corrosion resistance, ductility, and strength suitable for this purpose [61].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical characterization and properties of laser-based powder bed–fused lattice structures: a review

Riva

Ginestra

Ceretti

2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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The increasing demand for a wider access to additive manufacturing technologies is driving the production of metal lattice structure with powder bed fusion techniques, especially laser-based powder bed fusion. Lattice structures are porous structures formed by a controlled repetition in space of a designed base unit cell. The tailored porosity, the low weight, and the tunable mechanical properties make the lattice structures suitable for applications in fields like aerospace, automotive, and biomedicine. Due to their wide-spectrum applications, the mechanical characterization of lattice structures is mostly carried out under compression tests, but recently, tensile, bending, and fatigue tests have been carried out demonstrating the increasing interest in these structures developed by academy and industry. Although their physical and mechanical properties have been extensively studied in recent years, there still are no specific standards for their characterization. In the absence of definite standards, this work aims to collect the parameters used by recent researches for the mechanical characterization of metal lattice structures. By doing so, it provides a comparison guide within tests already carried out, allowing the choice of optimal parameters to researchers before testing lattice samples. For every mechanical test, a detailed review of the process design, test parameters, and output is given, suggesting that a specific standard would enhance the collaboration between all the stakeholders and enable an acceleration of the translation process.

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“…MS13 (Additive Manufacturing), 10.25518/esaform21.2089 2089/1 manufacturing (AM) techniques allow the production of highly customized implants meeting the final application specifications. Powder bed fusion processes offer the possibility of fabrication of complex and bespoke metal parts usually characterized by scarce surface finishing [3]. The surface quality of 3D printed parts is extremely important for the biological outcomes of both cells and bacteria colonization during in vivo conditions [4,5].…”

Section: Intr 1 Introduction Oductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface finish of Additively Manufactured Metals: biofilm formation and cellular attachment

Ginestra¹,

Riva²,

Ceretti³

et al. 2021

Esaform 2021

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Powder bed fusion techniques enable the production of customized and complex devices that meet the requirements of the end user and target application. The medical industry relies on these additive manufacturing technologies for the advantages that these methods offer to accurately fit the patients’ needs. Besides the recent improvements, the production process of 3D printed bespoke implants still requires optimization to achieve the optimal properties that can mimic both the chemical and mechanical characteristics of the anatomical region of interest. In particular, the surface properties of an implant device are crucial to obtain a strong interface and connection with the physiological environment. The layer by layer manufacturing processes lead to the production of complex and high-performance substrates but always require surface treatments during post-processing to improve the implant interaction with the natural tissues and promote a shorter assimilation for the fast recovery and wellness of the patient. Although the surface finishing can be tailored to enhance cells adhesion, proliferation and differentiation in contact with a metal implant, the same surface properties can have a different outcome when dealing with bacteria. This work aims to provide a preliminary analysis on how different post-processing techniques have distinct effects on cells and bacteria colonization of 3D printed titanium implants. The goal of the paper is to highlight the importance of the identification of an optimized methodology for the surface treatment of Ti6Al4V samples produced by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) that improves the implant antimicrobial properties and promotes the osseointegration in a long-term period.

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An Experimental Study on Micro-Milling of a Medical Grade Co-Cr-Mo Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting

Cited by 42 publications

References 23 publications

Selective Laser Melting and Electron Beam Melting of Ti6Al4V for Orthopedic Applications: A Comparative Study on the Applied Building Direction

Selective Laser Melting and Electron Beam Melting of Ti6Al4V for Orthopedic Applications: A Comparative Study on the Applied Building Direction

Mechanical characterization and properties of laser-based powder bed–fused lattice structures: a review

Surface finish of Additively Manufactured Metals: biofilm formation and cellular attachment

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