An experimental study on flow boiling heat transfer of R134a in a microchannel-based heat sink

Optimization of thermal resistance and bottom wall temperature uniformity for double-layered microchannel heat sink

“…The numbers of elements in the x-, y-, and z-directions are: grid (1) 40 Â 20 Â 30, grid (2) 60 Â 30 Â 40, and grid (3) 120 Â 60 Â 80. The results show that the difference of the maximum temperature is 0.04 K between the grid (1) and grid (2), however, it drops to 0.01 K for the grid (2) and grid (3). To balance the computation time and calculation accuracy, the grid (2) is adopted.…”

“…When the heat flux reaches up to 100 W cm À2 , the conventional cooling technology is failed to meet the requirement of thermal removal as expected. Fortunately, the microchannel heat sink (MCHS) proposed by Tuckerman and Pease [1] in 1981 can endure a heat flux as high as 790 W cm À2 , which becomes a significant way for thermal management of microelectronic devices and attracts a great deal of attention [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Heat transfer characteristics of R-134a in a converging-Diverging nozzle

“…More classic flow boiling has been experimentally studied in a broad range of geometries, conditions, and fluids. Examples of recent experimental heat transfer work with R-134a are Romstedt and Werner [24] with mass fluxes from 50-200 kg m −2 s −1 and measured heat transfer coefficients from 5000-30,000W m −2 K −1 ; Kanizawa et al [25] with mass fluxes from 75-200 kg m −2 s −1 and measured heat transfer coefficients from 1500-4000W m −2 K −1 ; and do Nascimento et al [26] with mass fluxes from 400-1500 kg m −2 s −1 and heat transfer coefficients as high as 36kW m −2 K −1 . Most work has been done with lower mass fluxes than considered in this paper.…”

Flow boiling performance of Ω-shaped reentrant copper microchannels with different channel sizes

“…Therefore, numerous research attentions [2,3] have been accumulated in heat transfer communities to access the flow boiling behaviors in microchannels since the pioneering efforts of Tuckerman and Pease [4] in 1981. Classic microchannels reported in the literatures are of open shapes, such as rectangular [5], triangular [6] or trapezoidal [7] ones, or the closed microtubes [8]. Though there still have been many unsolved issues for the understanding of fundamental flow boiling heat transfer processes, pressure drop characteristics and two-phase flow instabilities in conventional microchannels, researchers have attempted to develop more sophisticated ones to promote flow boiling performance.…”