An experimental study of the variability in the properties and quality of wet granules

Fu, Jinsheng; Cheong, Y.S.; Reynolds, Gavin K.; Adams, M.J.; Salman, Agba D.; Hounslow, Michael J.

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2004.01.019

Cited by 42 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The densification process leads to a reduction in the granule porosity, an increase in primary particle packing and transport of the binder to the granule surface. This is in agreement with the work of Fu et al (2004b). They show that wet granule porosity reduces with granulation time and also explain this is due to the consolidation, or densification, process.…”

Section: Agitation Intensitysupporting

confidence: 92%

Breakage in granulation: A review

Reynolds

Cheong

et al. 2005

Chemical Engineering Science

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132

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Section: Agitation Intensitysupporting

confidence: 92%

Breakage in granulation: A review

Reynolds

Cheong

et al. 2005

Chemical Engineering Science

Self Cite

132

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“…If the contact force exceeds the yield point, the coefficient of restitution can decrease with increasing impact velocity, which was shown in many experimental studies [21,23,46,64,86] and described with the models [73,94].…”

Section: Significant Factors Affecting the Restitution Coefficientmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the publications [21,23,60] the restitution coefficient was measured without any initial spin of particles. The using of a vacuum nozzle prevents the initial rotation of the particle by releasing.…”

Section: Measurement Of the Restitution Coefficient Of A Granulementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the assumption of a continuous matter, contact theory and continuum mechanics can be used to describe the mechanical behaviour of a granule without breakage through experimentally observed mechanical parameters like modulus of elasticity, yield point, contact stiffness. In our previous publications [5,6] as well as in numerous experimental studies of other authors [10,21,64,71,78,84], it was shown that the granules, similar to the solids, have different contact behaviour from dominantly elastic to dominantly plastic which is often time and deformation rate dependent and is related to adhesion effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy absorption during compression and impact of dry elastic-plastic spherical granules

et al. 2010

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The discrete modelling and understanding of the particle dynamics in fluidized bed apparatuses, mixers, mills and others are based on the knowledge about the physical properties of particles and their mechanical behaviour during slow, fast and repeated stressing. In this paper model parameters (modulus of elasticity, stiffness, yield pressure, restitution coefficient and strength) of spherical granules ( γ -Al 2 O 3 , zeolites 4A and 13X, sodium benzoate) with different mechanical behaviour have been measured by single particle compression and impact tests. Starting with the elastic compression behaviour of granules as described by Hertz theory, a new contact model was developed to describe the force-displacement behaviour of elastic-plastic granules. The aim of this work is to understand the energy absorption during compression (slow stressing velocity of 0.02 mm/s) and impact (the impact velocity of 0.5-4.5 m/s) of granules. For all examined granules the estimated energy absorption during the impact is found to be far lower than that during compression. Moreover, the measured restitution coefficient is independent of the impact velocity in the examined range and independent of the load intensity by compression (i.e. maximum compressive load). In the case of repeated loading with a constant load amplitude, the granules show cyclic hardening with increasing restitution coefficient up to a certain saturation in the plastic deformation. A model was proposed to describe the increase of the contact stiffness with the number of cycles. When the load amplitude is subsequently increased, further plastic deformation takes place and the restitution coefficient strongly decreases.

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“…The size of the granules has then been measured. The porosity and the binder content of the granules have been measured using a Pycnometer [19] and the method discussed in [20], respectively. The granulation data are very difficult to model because of (i) the nonlinear behaviour, (ii) the significant effect of the interactions among the input variables, (iii) the uncertainty in the measurements, and (iv) the sparse and limited data.…”

Section: Experimental Workmentioning

confidence: 99%